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XXII.—Observations on the Phonograph
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 06 July 2012
Extract
1. Since I had the honour of showing the phonograph to the Royal Society of Edinburgh, at a special meeting in November 1894, the instrument has occupied a good deal of my time and attention, and I now venture to give the general results of the investigation.
2. The instrument chiefly studied has been the machine used in this country known as the “Commercial Phonograph.” Any records taken by myself have been obtained with the ordinary apparatus forming part of the “commercial” speaker arm, but I have always reproduced these with the aid of the so-called “musical” arm. The commercial machine, or, to give it a better name, the English model, is so geared that the wax cylinder, 
inch (197 mm.) in circumference, makes two revolutions in one second, while the spiral grooves described on the cylinder are 
inch (⅛ mm.) apart. A spiral line about 136 yards in length may be described on the cylinder, and the recording or reproducing point travels over this distance in about six minutes.
3. I have also used the American model, which resembles in all essential particulars the one just described, except that the grooves on the cylinder are 
inch (¼ mm.) instead of 
.
- Type
- Research Article
- Information
- Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of The Royal Society of Edinburgh , Volume 38 , Issue 4 , 1897 , pp. 765 - 785
- Copyright
- Copyright © Royal Society of Edinburgh 1897
References
page 767 note * I have described this apparatus in Proceedings Royal Society, Edinburgh, 1896, p. 47.
page 770 note * E. L. Scott, Comptes rendus, t. 53, p. 108.
page 770 note † Donders, , De Physiologie der Spraachklanken in het bijzonder van die der nederlandische taal. Utrecht, 1870Google Scholar.
page 770 note ‡ Barlow, Trans. of Royal Society, 1874.
page 770 note § Blake, C. J., Archiv. of Ophthalmology and Otology, vol. v. 1, 1876Google Scholar.
page 770 note ∥ Stein, S. Th., “Die Photographie der Tone,” Poggendorff's Annalen, 1876, p. 142.
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page 770 note †† Referred to in The Telephone, the Microphone, and the Phonograph, by Count Du Monce, , London, 1884Google Scholar. See also The Speaking Telephone and Talking Phonograph, by Prescott, G. B., New York, 1878Google Scholar.
page 771 note * Hermann, , “Ueber das Verhalten der Vocale am neuen Edisonschen Phonographen,” Pflüger's Archiv, vol. 47, 1890, p. 42CrossRefGoogle Scholar; also Phonophotographische Untersuchungen, ii. p. 44; also Phonophotographische Untersuchungen, iii. p. 347. See also curves of the phonautograph obtained by Pipping, , Zeitschrift für Biologie, vol. xxvii. p. 1, 1890Google Scholar.
page 771 note † Boeke, , “Mikroskopische Phonogrammstudien,” Pflüger's Archiv, vol. 50, 1891, p. 297CrossRefGoogle Scholar.
page 771 note ‡ Hallock, “Photographic record of Sound Analysis,” The American Annual of Photography for 1896, p. 21.
page 771 note § Herr Boeke informs me in a letter that he obtained casts of the surface of the wax cylinder by covering the surface with very thin tinfoil such as is used for covering chocolate.
page 773 note * This apparatus lias already been described in a short paper written for the Journal of Anatomy and Physiology, vol. xxix.
page 773 note † The cord passes over (b), the wheel seen on the left end of the phonograph spindle in the figure showing the instrument. The wheel will be recognised by a tape band passing vertically over it.
page 779 note * Lord Kelvin, “On Beats of Imperfect Harmonies,” Proc. Royal Society of Edinburgh, 1st April 1878; also in Popular Lectures and Addresses, vol. ii. p. 395.
page 779 note † Oswald Külpe, Outlines of Psychology, based upon the results of experimental investigation, p. 106, trans, by E. B. Titchener, 1895.
page 780 note * Rutherford, Address to British Association for Advancement of Science, 1887.
page 780 note † Helmholtz, Sensations of Tone, trans. by A. I. Ellis, p. 221.