Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-m8qmq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-23T19:52:55.484Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

New cyclocystoid (Phylum Echinodermata) from Anticosti Island, Quebec, and its bearing on cyclocystoid life modes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 May 2016

Alexander Glass ,
William I. Ausich  and
Paul Copper
Alexander Glass
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, 1301 West Green Street, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801,
William I. Ausich
Affiliation:
Department of Geological Sciences, 125 South Oval Mall, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210,
Paul Copper
Affiliation:
Department of Earth Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6,
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Nicholsodiscus anticostiensis new genus and species (Mill Bay Member, Vauréal Formation, Rawtheyan, Upper Ordovician) is described from Anticosti Island, Quebec, Canada. Nicholsodiscus anticostiensis n. gen. and sp. is known from two complete specimens preserved in situ with the cupule-bearing side facing toward the bedding surface. Sedimentological, petrographic, and trace fossil evidence suggest that this bedding surface had the consistency of a hardground during the lifetime of the cyclocystoids. This provides the first unequivocal evidence that cyclocystoids lived with their cupule-bearing side (ventral) toward the substratum. A cupules-down orientation results in the ambulacral grooves facing the substratum. Such an orientation excludes suspension-feeding from being a possible feeding mode of the Cyclocystoidea as discussed by Henderson and Shergold (1971).

A third Anticosti Island cyclocystoid specimen of unknown affinities is described from the same locality. Furthermore, a re-examination of the holotype of “Cyclocystoides” raymondi Foerste for purposes of comparison with Nicholsodiscus anticostiensis n. gen. and sp. provided evidence that it is a member of Zygocycloides, albeit with missing interseptal plates.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Paleontology , Volume 77 , Issue 5 , September 2003 , pp. 949 - 957
Copyright
Copyright © The Paleontological Society

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bassler, R. S., and Moodey, M. W. 1943. Bibliographic and faunal index of Paleozoic pelmatozoan echinoderms. Geological Society of America Special Paper, 45:1–734.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berg-Madsen, V. 1987. A new cyclocystoid from the Lower Ordovician of Öland, Sweden. Palaeontology, 30:105–116.Google Scholar
Copper, P., and Long, D. G. F. 1998. Field guide to carbonates and reefs, Anticosti Island, Québec, p. 55–97. In Desrochers, A., Copper, P., and Long, D. G. F. (eds.), Paleontology, Stratigraphy, and Sedimentology of Lower to Middle Paleozoic Rocks of the Anticosti Basin: National Park of Mingan Islands and Anticosti Island. Geological Association of Canada—Mineralogical Association of Canada Joint Meeting, Québec 1998, Field Trip 88 Guidebook.Google Scholar
Foerste, A. F. 1920. Racine and Cedarville cystids and blastoids with notes on other echinoderms. Ohio Journal of Science, 21:33–78.Google Scholar
Hall, J. 1851. Upper Silurian and Devonian Series, p. 201–231. In Foster, J. W. and Whitney, J. D. (eds.), Report of the Geology of the Lake Superior Land District, Pt. II, The Iron Region Together with General Geology. Senate Executive Document, 4, Special Session C [32nd Congress, Congressional Documents].Google Scholar
Haude, R., and Thomas, E. 1994. Elutherozoen (Echinodermata) aus dem Unter-Karbon von Aparth im Bergischen Land. Archaeologie im Ruhrgebiet Jahrgang, 2:115–132.Google Scholar
Henderson, R. A., and Shergold, J. H. 1971. Cyclocystoides from early Middle Cambrian rocks of northwestern Queensland, Australia. Palaeontology, 14:704–710.Google Scholar
Jell, P. A., and Jell, J. S. 1999. Crinoids, a blastoid, and a cyclocystoid from the Upper Devonian Reef Complex of the Canning Basin, Western Australia. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 43:201–236.Google Scholar
Kesling, R. V. 1963. Morphology and relationships of Cyclocystoides . University of Michigan Museum of Paleontology Contributions, 18:157–176.Google Scholar
Kesling, R. V. 1966. Cyclocystoids, p. U188–U210. In Moore, R. C. (ed.), Echinodermata, Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Pt. U3(1). Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence.Google Scholar
Kolata, D. R. 1975. Middle Ordovician echinoderms from northern Illinois and southern Wisconsin. Paleontological Society, Memoir 7, 74 p.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Long, D. G. F., and Copper, P. 1987. Stratigraphy of the Upper Ordovician Vauréal and Ellis Bay formations, Anticosti Island, Quebec. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 24:1807–1820.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, S. A. 1882. Description of three new orders and four new families in the class Echinodermata and eight new species from the Silurian and Devonian formations. Journal of the Cincinnati Society of Natural History, 1:24–39.Google Scholar
Miller, S. A., and Dyer, C. B. 1878. Contributions to paleontology. Journal of the Cincinnati Society of Natural History, 1:24–39.Google Scholar
Miller, S. A., and Gurley, W. F. E. 1895. Description of new species of Palaeozoic Echinodermata. Illinois State Museum of Natural History Bulletin, 6:1–62.Google Scholar
Nichols, D. 1967. The origin of echinoderms, p. 209–229. In Millott, N. (ed.), Echinoderm Biology. Symposium of the Zoological Society of London. Academic Press, London.Google Scholar
Nichols, D. 1969. Echinoderms (Fourth edition). Hutchinson & Co., London, 192 p.Google Scholar
Nichols, D. 1972. The water vascular system in living and fossil echinoderms. Palaeontology, 15:519–538.Google Scholar
Raymond, P. E. 1913. Notes on Cyclocystoides . Victoria Memorial Museum (Canada), Bulletin, 1:23–32.Google Scholar
Ressmeyer, P. F., and Frest, T. J. 1983. Ecology, distribution, and evolutionary history of the “rare” echinoderm class Cyclocystoidea in central North America. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, 15:248.Google Scholar
Salter, J. W., and Billings, E. 1858. On Cyclocystoides, a new genus of Echinodermata from the Lower and Middle Silurian rocks. Geological Survey of Canada, Figures describing Canadian organic remains, Dec. 3:86–90.Google Scholar
Simms, M. J., Gale, A. S., Gilliland, P., Rose, E. P. F., and Sevastopulo, G. D. 1993. Echinodermata, p. 496–528. In Benton, M. J. (ed.), The Fossil Record 2. Chapmann and Hull, London.Google Scholar
Smith, A. B., and Paul, C. R. C. 1982. Revision of the class Cyclocystoidea (Echinodermata). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B, Biological Series, 296:577–684.Google Scholar
Smith, A. B., and Wilson, M. A. 1995. A new cyclocystoid (Echinodermata) from the Late Ordovician of Kentucky, U.S.A. Journal of Paleontology, 69:1186–1187.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilson, M. A., and Palmer, T. J. 1992. Hardgrounds and hardground faunas. University of Wales, Aberystwyth, Institute of Earth Studies Publications, 9, 131 p.Google Scholar