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The Valley of Dantig and the myth of exile and return
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 10 June 2015
Abstract
The valley of Dantig in Amdo plays a central role in Tibetan Buddhist historical literature as the place where the monastic code was maintained during the tenth century after the dissolution of the monasteries in central Tibet. This article shows that a manuscript (now kept at the British Library) carried by a Chinese pilgrim monk through this region in the 960s, which mentions Dantig, is the only direct documentary evidence of Tibetan monastic culture in this region at this time. The authors also show how the name Dantig, which has been previously unexplained, derives from the Sudāna Sūtra, a Buddhist narrative of exile and return that is directly relevant to the aspirations of the refugee monks from central Tibet who settled in the region.
- Type
- Articles
- Information
- Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies , Volume 78 , Issue 3 , October 2015 , pp. 475 - 491
- Copyright
- Copyright © SOAS, University of London 2015
References
Bibliography
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Bsod nams rtse mo. Chos la ’jug pa'i sgo. In Sa skya bka ‘bum. Kathmandu: Sachen International, 2006. Vol. nga, 262b–317a.Google Scholar
Brag dgon Dkon mchog bstan pa rab rgyas. Yul mdo smad kyi ljongs su thub bstan rin po che ji ltar dar ba'i tshul gsal bar brjod pa deb ther rgya mtsho. Rig gnas myur skyob dpe mdzod khang. n.p., n.d.Google Scholar
'Gos lo tsa ba Gzhon nu dpal. Deb ther sngon po. Chengdu: Si khron mi rigs dpe skrun khang, 1984.Google Scholar
Mkhas pa Lde'u. Rgya bod kyi chos ’byung rgyas pa. Lhasa: Bod ljongs mi dmangs dpe skrun khang, 1987.Google Scholar
Nyang ral Nyi ma ’od zer. Chos ‘byung me tog snying po sbrang rtsi'i bcud. Lhasa: Bod ljongs mi dmangs dpe skrun khang, 1988.Google Scholar
Tshe tan mkhan po Ngag dbang blo bzang bstan pa'i rgyal mtshan. Dan tig dgon pa'i dkar chag. Qinghai: Pho brang dmar po, n.d.Google Scholar
Bacot, Jacques. 1914. “Drimed kundan. Une version tibétain dialoguée du Vessantara Jātaka”, Journal Asiatique 11/4, 221–305.Google Scholar
Beal, Samuel. 1884. Si-Yu-Ki. Buddhist Records of the Western World. Translated from the Chinese of Hiuen Tsiang (a.d. 629). London: Trübner & Co.Google Scholar
Chavannes, Édouard. 1911. Cinq cents contes et apologues: Extraits du Tripitaka chinois. Paris: Ernest Leroux. Tome III.Google Scholar
Collins, Steven. 1998. Nirvana and Other Buddhist Felicities: Utopias of the Pali Imaginative. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dalton, Jacob and van Schaik, Sam. 2006. Tibetan Tantric Manuscripts from Dunhuang: A Descriptive Catalogue of the Stein Collection at the British Library. Leiden and Boston: Brill.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davidson, Ronald M. 2005. Tibetan Renaissance: Tantric Buddhism in the Rebirth of Tibetan Culture. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Denwood, Philip. 2002. “Tibetan arts and the Tibetan ‘dark age’, 842–996 ce”, in Ghose, Madhuvanti, Russell-Smith, Lilla and Waghmar, Burzine (eds), From Nisa to Niya: New Discoveries and Studies in Central and Inner Asian Art and Archaeology. London: Saffron Books, 1–8.Google Scholar
Du Doucheng 杜斗城. 2000. “Xi Qin fojiao lunshu” 西秦佛教述論. Zhonggui foxue xuebao 中華佛學學報 13/1 (Chinese version), 207–26.Google Scholar
Durt, Hubert. 1998. “Two interpretations of human-flesh offering: misdeed or supreme sacrifice”, Journal of the International College for Advanced Buddhist Studies 1, 236–52.Google Scholar
Durt, Hubert. 1999. “The offering of the children of prince Viśvantara/Sudāna in the Chinese tradition”, Journal of the International College for Postgraduate Buddhist Studies 2, 266–309.Google Scholar
Galambos, Imre and van Schaik, Sam. 2010. “Following the tracks of a tenth-century Buddhist pilgrim”, IDP News 35, 1–3.Google Scholar
Gombrich, Richard and Cone, Margaret. 1977. The Perfect Generosity of Prince Vessantara. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Gombrich, Richard. 1985. “The Vessantara Jātaka, the Rāmāyaṇa and the Dasaratha Jātaka”, Journal of the American Oriental Society 105/3, 427–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gurevich, Izabella S. 1992. “Sutra o tsareviche Sudane”, in Torchinov, E.A. (ed.), Buddhizm v perevodah. Al'manah 1. St Petersburg: Andreev i synov'ja, 9–32.Google Scholar
Gurevich, Izabella S. 1998. A Fragment of a pien-wen(?) Related to the Cycle ‘On Buddha's Life’. (Sino-Platonic Papers 82.) Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania.Google Scholar
McNair, Amy. 2007. Donors of Longmen: Faith, Politics, and Patronage in Medieval Chinese Buddhist Sculpture. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press.Google Scholar
Obermiller, E. 1931–32. The History of Buddhism (Chos ḥbyung) by Bu-ston. I The Jewellery of Scripture, II The History of Buddhism in India and Tibet. Heidelberg: O. Harrassovitz. Reprint 1986. New Delhi: Sri Satguru Publications.Google Scholar
Roerich, George N. 1996. The Blue Annals. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. [Reprint of vols I and II first published in 1949.]Google Scholar
van Schaik, Sam and Galambos, Imre. 2012. Manuscripts and Travellers: The Sino-Tibetan Documents of a Tenth-Century Buddhist Pilgrim. (Studies in Manuscript Cultures Vol. 2.) Berlin: De Gruyter.Google Scholar
Schuessler, Axel. 2009. Minimal Old Chinese and Later Han Chinese: A Companion to Grammata Serica Recensa. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press.Google Scholar
Shih, Hsio-Yen. 1993. “Readings and re-readings of narrative in Dunhuang murals”, Artibus Asiae 53, No. 1/2, 59–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Soothill, William Edward and Hodous, Lewis. 1937. A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms: With Sanskrit and English Equivalents and a Sanskrit–Pali Index. London: K. Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co.Google Scholar
Stein, R.A. 1983. “Tibetica Antiqua I: Les deux vocabulaires des traductions indo-tibetaines et sino-tibetaines dans les manuscrits Touen-Houang”, Bulletin de l’École Française d'Extrême Orient 72, 149–236.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Szerb, János. 1990. Bu ston's History of Buddhism in Tibet. Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften.Google Scholar
Takata Tokio 高田時雄. 1988. Tonkō shiryō ni yoru Chūgokugo shi no kenkyū: Kyū-jusseiki no Kasei hōgen 敦煌資料による中國語史の研究:九 ・ 十世紀の河西方言 (English title: A Historical Study of the Chinese Language Based on Dunhuang Materials: The Hexi Dialect of the Ninth and Tenth Centuries). Tokyo: Sōbunsha.Google Scholar
Takeuchi, Tsuguhito. 2012. “Old Tibetan Buddhist texts from the post-Tibetan imperial period (mid 9 c. to late 10 c.)”, in Scherrer-Schaub, Cristina (ed.), Proceedings of the Tenth Seminar of the International Association for Tibetan Studies. Leiden: Brill, 205–15.Google Scholar
Uebach, Helga. 1987. Nel-pa Paṇḍitas Chronik Me-tog Phreṅ-ba. (Studia Tibetica 1.) Munich : Bavarian Academy of ScienceGoogle Scholar
Uebach, Helga. 1990. “On Dharma-colleges and their teachers in the ninth century Tibetan empire”, in Daffina, Paolo (ed.), Indo-Sinica-Tibetica: Studi in Onore di Lucian Petech. Rome: Bardi Editore, 393–418.Google Scholar
Yamaguchi, Zuihō. 1996. “The fiction of King Dar-ma's persecution of Buddhism”, in Drège, Jean-Pierre (ed.), Du Dunhuang au Japon: Études chinoises et bouddhiques offertes à Michel Soymié. Geneva: Droz, 231–58.Google Scholar