Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-sxzjt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-18T12:27:17.763Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Assessment of weed and crop fitness in cover crop residues for integrated weed management

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Martin M. Williams II ,
David A. Mortensen  and
John W. Doran
David A. Mortensen
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583-0915
John W. Doran
Affiliation:
U.S. Department of Agriculture—Agricultural Research Service, Lincoln, NE 68583-0915
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Cover crop residues are not widely used for weed control because, as a stand-alone tactic, they do not effectively suppress all weeds and their duration of weed control is too short. Field experiments were conducted in 1995 and 1996, under both irrigated and rainfed conditions, to quantify Amaranthus spp., Setaria spp., and soybean emergence and growth in residues of fall-planted, spring-killed barley, rye, triticale, wheat, and hairy vetch. For both weed species, seedling emergence was reduced 3 wk after soybean planting by rye and wheat residues (≥ 2, 170 kg ha−1) in 1996. In 1996, Amaranthus spp. canopy volume was reduced 38 to 71% by residues 3 wk after planting. Likewise, Setaria spp. canopy biomass was reduced 37 to 97% in residues 5 wk after planting over both years. The response comparison index was used to identify frequency by which weed growth was placed at a disadvantage relative to soybean growth. Amaranthus spp. and Setaria spp. growth suppressions 3 to 5 wk after planting indicate potential times for intervention with other integrated weed management tactics such as reduced postemergence herbicide rates and interrow cultivation.

Keywords

Amaranthus spp. AMASSSetaria spp. SETSSsoybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr. ‘Dunbar.'Barleyhairy vetchryetriticalewheatgerminationgrowthrelative fitnessnonchemical weed controlno-tillagetime of interventionAMASSSETSS
Type
Weed Management
Information
Weed Science , Volume 46 , Issue 5 , October 1998 , pp. 595 - 603
Copyright
Copyright © 1998 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Altieri, M. A. and Liebman, M. 1988. Weed management: ecological guidelines. Pages 331-337 in Altieri, M. A. and Liebman, M., eds. Weed Management in Agroecosystems: Ecological Guidelines. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.Google Scholar
Brecke, B. J. and Shilling, D. G. 1996. Effect of crop species, tillage, and rye (Secale cereale) mulch on sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia) . Weed Sci. 44: 133–136.Google Scholar
Bridges, D. C. 1992. Crop Losses Due to Weeds in the United States-Champaign, IL: Weed Science Society of America. 403 p.Google Scholar
Bussler, B. H., Maxwell, B. D., and Puettmann, K. J. 1995. Using plant volume to quantify interference in corn (Zea mays) neighborhoods. Weed Sci. 43: 586–594.Google Scholar
DeFelice, M. S., Brown, W. B., Aldrich, R. J., Sims, B. D., Judy, D. T., and Gluethle, D. R. 1989. Weed control in soybeans (Glycine max) with reduced rates of postemergence herbicides. Weed Sci. 37: 365–374.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dieleman, A., Hamill, A. S., Fox, G. C., and Swanton, C. J. 1996. Decision rules for postemergent control of pigweed (Amaranthus spp.) in soybean (Glycine max) . Weed Res. 44: 126–132.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dieleman, A., Hamill, A. S., Weise, S. F., and Swanton, C. J. 1995. Empirical models of pigweed (Amaranthus spp.) interference in soybean (Glycine max) . Weed Res. 43: 612–618.Google Scholar
Doran, J. W. and Linn, D. M. 1994. Microbial ecology of conservation management systems. Pages 1-26 in Hatfield, J. L. and Stewart, B. A., eds. Soil Biology: Effects on Soil Quality. Advanced Soil Science. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.Google Scholar
Dyck, E. and Liebman, M. 1994. Soil fertility management as a factor in weed control: the effect of crimson clover residue, synthetic nitrogen fertilizer, and their interaction on emergence and early growth of lambsquarters and sweet corn. Plant Soil 167: 227–237.Google Scholar
Eckert, D. J. 1988. Rye cover crops for no-tillage corn and soybean production. J. Prod. Agric. 1: 207–210.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elmore, C. D., Wesley, R. A., and Heatherly, L. G. 1992. Stale seedbed production of soybeans with a wheat cover crop. J. Soil Water Conserv. 47: 187–190.Google Scholar
Grace, J. B. 1995. On the measurement of plant competition intensity. Ecology 76: 305–308.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gupta, S. C. and Larson, W. E. 1979. Estimating soil water retention characteristics from particle size distribution, organic matter percent, and bulk density. Water Resour. Res. 15: 1633–1635.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
King, C. A. and Oliver, L. R. 1992. Application rate and timing of acifluorfen, bentazon, chlorimuron, and imazaquin. Weed Technol. 6: 526–534.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klingaman, T. E., King, C. A., and Oliver, L. R. 1992. Effect of application rate, weed species, and weed stage of growth on imazethapyr activity. Weed Sci. 40: 227–232.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Knake, E. L. and Slife, F. W. 1962. Competition of Setaria faberii with corn and soybean. Weeds 10: 26–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liebl, R., Simmons, F. W., Wax, L. M., and Stoller, E. W. 1992. Effect of rye (Secale cereale) mulch on weed control and soil moisture in soybean (Glycine max) . Weed Technol. 6: 838–846.Google Scholar
Liebman, M. and Gallandt, E. R. 1997. Many little hammers: ecological management of crop–weed interactions. Pages 291-343 in Jackson, L. E., ed. Agricultural Ecology. Physiological Ecology Series. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Linn, D. M. and Doran, J. W. 1984. Effect of water-filled pore space on carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide production in tilled and nontilled soils. J. Soil Sci. 48: 1267–1272.Google Scholar
Lynch, J. M. 1977. Phytotoxicity of acetic acid produced in the anaerobic decomposition of wheat straw. Appl. Bacteriol. 42: 81–87.Google Scholar
Masiunas, J. B., Weston, L. A., and Weller, S. C. 1995. The impact of rye cover crops on weed populations in a tomato cropping system. Weed Sci. 43: 318–323.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mohler, C. L. and Callaway, M. B. 1995. Effects of tillage and mulch on weed seed production and seed banks in sweet corn. Appl. Ecol. 32: 627–639.Google Scholar
Mohler, C. L. and Teasdale, J. R. 1993. Response of weed emergence to rate of Vicia villosa Roth and Secale cereale L. residue. Weed Res. 33: 487–499.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moore, M. J., Gillespie, T. J., and Swanton, C. J. 1994. Effect of cover crop mulches on weed emergence, weed biomass, and soybean (Glycine max) development. Weed Technol. 8: 512–518.Google Scholar
Purvis, C. E., Jessop, R. S., and Lovett, J. V. 1985. Selective regulation of germination and growth of annual weeds in crop residues. Weed Res. 25: 415–421.Google Scholar
Putnam, A. R. and DeFrank, J. 1983. Use of phytotoxic plant residues for selective weed control. Crop Prot. 2: 173–181.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[SAS] Statistical Analysis Systems. 1995. SAS User's Guide. Cary, NC: Statistical Analysis Systems Institute.Google Scholar
Shilling, D. G., Brecke, B. J., Hiebsch, C., and MacDonald, G. 1995. Effect of soybean (Glycine max) cultivar, tillage, and rye (Secale cereale) mulch on sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia) . Weed Technol. 9: 339–342.Google Scholar
Swanton, C. J. and Weise, S. F. 1991. Integrated weed management: the rationale and approach. Weed Technol. 5: 657–663.Google Scholar
Teasdale, J. R. and Mohler, C. L. 1993. Light transmittance, soil temperature, and soil moisture under residue of hairy vetch and rye. Agron. J. 85: 673–680.Google Scholar
Wagner-Riddle, C., Gillespie, T. J., and Swanton, C. J. 1994. Rye cover crop management impact on soil water content, soil temperature and soybean growth. Can. J. Plant Sci. 74: 485–495.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wiese, A. F. and Davis, R. G. 1967. Weed emergence from two soils at various moistures, temperatures, and depths. Weeds 15: 118–121.Google Scholar
Williams II, M. M. 1997. Cover Crops: Implications for Weed Management in Soybean Production. M.S. thesis. University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE. 119 p.Google Scholar