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Effect of nature of dietary lipids on European sea bass morphogenesis: implication of retinoid receptors

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 March 2007

Laure Villeneuve ,
Enric Gisbert ,
Jose L. Zambonino-Infante ,
Patrick Quazuguel  and
Chantal L. Cahu
Laure Villeneuve*
Affiliation:
UMR1067, Nutrition Aquaculture Génomique, IFREMER, 29280 Plouzané, France
Enric Gisbert
Affiliation:
Centre d'Aqüicultura, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentaries (IRTA), Aptat. Correus 200, 43540 Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Tarragona, Spain
Jose L. Zambonino-Infante
Affiliation:
UMR1067, Nutrition Aquaculture Génomique, IFREMER, 29280 Plouzané, France
Patrick Quazuguel
Affiliation:
UMR1067, Nutrition Aquaculture Génomique, IFREMER, 29280 Plouzané, France
Chantal L. Cahu
Affiliation:
UMR1067, Nutrition Aquaculture Génomique, IFREMER, 29280 Plouzané, France
*
*Corresponding author: Dr Laure Villeneuve, fax +33 298 224 366, email villeneuvelan@yahoo.fr
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Abstract

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The effect of the nature and form of supply of dietary lipids on larval development was investigated in European sea bass larvae, by considering the expression of several genes involved in morphogenesis. Fish were fed from 7 to 37 d post-hatch with five isoproteic and isolipidic compound diets incorporating different levels of EPA and DHA provided by phospholipid or neutral lipid. Phospholipid fraction containing 1·1 % (PL1 diet) to 2·3 % (PL3 diet) of EPA and DHA sustained good larval growth and survival, with low vertebral and cephalic deformities. Similar levels of EPA and DHA provided by the neutral lipid fraction were teratogenic and lethal. Nevertheless, dietary phospholipids containing high levels of DHA and EPA (PL5 diet) induced cephalic (8·5 %) and vertebral column deformities (35·3 %) adversely affecting fish growth and survival; moreover, a down-regulation of retinoid X receptor α (RXRα), retinoic acid receptor α, retinoic acid receptor γ and bone morphogenetic protein-4 genes was also noted in PL5 dietary group at day 16. High levels of dietary PUFA in neutral lipid (NL3 diet) first up-regulated the expression of RXRα at day 16 and then down-regulated most of the studied genes at day 23, leading to skeletal abnormalities and death of the larvae. A moderate level of PUFA in neutral lipids up-regulated genes only at day 16, inducing a lesser negative effect on growth, survival and malformation rate than the NL3 group. These results showed that retinoid pathways can be influenced by dietary lipids leading to skeletal malformation during sea bass larvae development.

Keywords

PhospholipidsNeutral lipidsDicentrarchus labrax larvaeSkeletal malformationsRetinoic acid receptors
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 94 , Issue 6 , December 2005 , pp. 877 - 884
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2005

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