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14 - Pastoral nomadic migrations and conquests

from Part III - Growing interactions

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 May 2015

Benjamin Z. Kedar
Affiliation:
Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Merry E. Wiesner-Hanks
Affiliation:
University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
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Summary

This chapter analyzes general causes for pastoral nomadic migrations. It examines three parts of Afro-Eurasia: the Eurasian steppes, semi-deserts and deserts; the Near and Middle East and North Africa; and India. The chapter discusses the economic, sociopolitical, and institutional effects of the nomadic migrations and conquests. In all, the nomads had to adapt not only to a specific natural environment but also to external socio-political, economic, and cultural environments. During the Middle Millennium, there were three major waves of nomadic migration in the Eurasian steppes and adjacent regions. For ecological and historical reasons, in the Islamic heartland nomads and sedentaries were linked to each other than in some other regions like China, India, or East Europe. In particular, language shifts and the spread of Turkic languages from East Siberia to the Middle Volga region and to the Balkans were connected with the migrations, conquests, and/or political dominance of the nomads.

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