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A Fourth-Order Compact Finite Difference Scheme for Higher-Order PDE-Based Image Registration

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 November 2015

Sopida Jewprasert ,
Noppadol Chumchob  and
Chantana Chantrapornchai
Sopida Jewprasert
Affiliation:
Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakorn Pathom 73000, Thailand
Noppadol Chumchob*
Affiliation:
Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakorn Pathom 73000, Thailand Centre of Excellence in Mathematics, CHE, SiAyutthaya Rd., Bangkok 10400, Thailand
Chantana Chantrapornchai
Affiliation:
Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
*
*Corresponding author. Email addresses:aum_bbslow@hotmail.com (S. Jewprasert), chumchob_n@su.ac.th(N. Chumchob), fengcnc@ku.ac.th(C. Chantrapornchai)
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Abstract

Image registration is an ill-posed problem that has been studied widely in recent years. The so-called curvature-based image registration method is one of the most effective and well-known approaches, as it produces smooth solutions and allows an automatic rigid alignment. An important outstanding issue is the accurate and efficient numerical solution of the Euler-Lagrange system of two coupled nonlinear biharmonic equations, addressed in this article. We propose a fourth-order compact (FOC) finite difference scheme using a splitting operator on a 9-point stencil, and discuss how the resulting nonlinear discrete system can be solved efficiently by a nonlinear multi-grid (NMG) method. Thus after measuring the h-ellipticity of the nonlinear discrete operator involved by a local Fourier analysis (LFA), we show that our FOC finite difference method is amenable to multi-grid (MG) methods and an appropriate point-wise smoothing procedure. A high potential point-wise smoother using an outer-inner iteration method is shown to be effective by the LFA and numerical experiments. Real medical images are used to compare the accuracy and efficiency of our approach and the standard second-order central (SSOC) finite difference scheme in the same NMG framework. As expected for a higher-order finite difference scheme, the images generated by our FOC finite difference scheme prove significantly more accurate than those computed using the SSOC finite difference scheme. Our numerical results are consistent with the LFA analysis, and also demonstrate that the NMG method converges within a few steps.

Keywords

65F1065M5568U10Curvature image registrationfourth-order compact finite difference schemelocal Fourier analysisnonlinear multi-grid methodnonlinear biharmonic equation
Type
Research Article
Information
East Asian Journal on Applied Mathematics , Volume 5 , Issue 4 , November 2015 , pp. 361 - 386
Copyright
Copyright © Global-Science Press 2015 

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