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Radical-right Parties in Militant Democracies: How the Alternative for Germany’s Strategic Frontstage Moderation Undermines Militant Measures
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 08 November 2022
Abstract
Democratic defence – Germany’s militant democracy – militant measures against radical-right parties – targeted organisations in militant democracies not passive recipients of militant measures – actions taken by targeted organisations – parties engaging in frontstage moderation to shield the party from militant measures – alternative for Germany shielding the party from militant measures by the Office for the Protection of the Constitution
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- © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the University of Amsterdam
Footnotes
Research for this paper was conducted in the winter of 2019 and spring of 2020, as a graduate student at the University of Oxford and a recipient of the Adam von Trott-Scholarship, awarded by the Department of Politics and International Relations at the University of Oxford and funded by the German Foreign Ministry, as well as funded through a scholarship of the Friedrich Naumann-Foundation. I want to thank Giovanni Capoccia for his supervision, as well as for his insightful feedback at all times. Also, I appreciate the comments and thoughts shared with me by the participants of the Panel ‘Militant Democracy: New Challengers and Challenges’ during the Joint Sessions event of the European Consortium for Political Research in May of 2021. Particularly, I thank Angela Bourne and Bastiaan Rijpkema, who chaired the panel and provided me with very valuable feedback. Furthermore, I am grateful to two anonymous reviewers for their helpful feedback and comments.
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82 Ibid., p. 38.
83 Ibid., p. 28.
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89 Ibid.
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91 Ibid.
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94 VG Köln 27 January 2021, 13 L 105/21.
95 VG Köln 8 March 2022, 13 K 326/21.
96 Interview with journalist from major German public-service media station, Berlin, October 2019.
97 Interview with journalist of German newspaper Der Spiegel, Berlin, December 2019.
98 Interview with former high-ranking AfD-politician, Düsseldorf, February 2020; interview with journalist of German newspaper Der Spiegel, Berlin, December 2019.
99 Interview with journalist from major German public-service media station, Berlin, October 2019.
100 Interview with Mariam Lau, journalist of German newspaper Die Zeit, Berlin, December 2019.
101 Interview with Mariam Lau, journalist of German newspaper Die Zeit, Berlin, December 2019.
102 Interview with founding-member of the AfD, geography of location cannot be revealed in order to protect anonymity, October 2019.
103 Interview with AfD official and member of the AfD’s federal board at the time of the interview, Berlin, October 2019.
104 Interview with journalist from major German public-service media station, Berlin, October 2019.
105 Interview with Christian Fuchs, journalist of German newspaper Die Zeit and co-author of the book Das Netzwerk der Neuen Rechten (The Network of the New Right), Berlin, January 2020; interview with speaker of Brandenburg’s Minister of the Interior at the time of the interview, Potsdam, October 2019.
106 Interview with AfD official associated with the AfD’s right-extreme faction Flügel, telephone interview due to COVID-pandemic, March 2020.
107 Interview with journalist from major German public-service media station, Berlin, October 2019.
108 Interview with journalist of German newspaper Der Spiegel, Berlin, December 2019.
109 Interview with Mariam Lau, journalist of German newspaper Die Zeit, Berlin, December 2019.
110 Interview with Hans-Gerd Jaschke, scholar with extensive knowledge of right-wing extremism in Germany, Berlin, December 2019.
111 Interview with AfD official and member of the AfD’s federal board at the time of the interview, Berlin, October 2019.
112 Interview with journalist of German newspaper Der Spiegel, Berlin, December 2019.
113 Ibid.
114 Interview with journalist from major German public-service media station, Berlin, October 2019.
115 Interview with former high-ranking AfD politician, Düsseldorf, February 2020.
116 Interview with Berhard Witthaut, president of the Office for the Protection of the Constitution in Lower Saxony, January 2020.
117 Interview with Burkhard Freier, president of the Office for the Protection of the Constitution in North Rhine-Westphalia, Gummersbach, February 2020.
118 Carpenter, supra n. 61.
119 Art, supra n. 20.