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A Biotype of Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua) in Tennessee Is Resistant to Inhibitors of ALS and Photosystem II

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

James T. Brosnan ,
Gregory K. Breeden ,
Jose J. Vargas  and
Logan Grier
James T. Brosnan*
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996
Gregory K. Breeden
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996
Jose J. Vargas
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996
Logan Grier
Affiliation:
BASF Corporation, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: jbrosnan@utk.edu
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Abstract

Annual bluegrass resistance to inhibitors of acetolactate synthase (ALS) and photosystem II (PSII) in managed turf has been confirmed in the southeastern United States. A biotype of annual bluegrass that had developed resistance (R) to the PSII inhibitor simazine was not controlled by POST applications of foramsulfuron or trifloxysulfuron in 2011 or 2012. In whole plant dose-response experiments, trifloxysulfuron, simazine, and indaziflam controlled a susceptible (S) population of annual bluegrass > 91% when applied POST to nontillering plants. However, trifloxysulfuron applications at 3.5 to 223 g ai ha−1 only controlled R annual bluegrass ≤ 40%. Similarly, simazine at 140 to 9,000 g ai ha−1 only controlled R annual bluegrass ≤ 20%. R annual bluegrass plants were more tolerant to indaziflam applied POST to leaf stage plants prior to tillering, as rates > 100 g ai ha−1 were needed to control R annual bluegrass ≥ 96%. No differences in the activity of ALS in R and S plants exposed to increasing foramsulfuron concentrations from 0 to 100 µM were detected suggesting that nontarget mechanisms could explain reduced efficacy of POST herbicide applications in whole plant dose-response experiments. Applications of indaziflam (35 to 70 g ha−1) and oxadiazon (2,240 to 4,500 g ai ha−1) effectively controlled R annual bluegrass when applied PRE. This biotype of R annual bluegrass is the first reported instance of a weed developing resistance to multiple modes of action in managed turf. Education is needed among turf managers regarding the consequences of exclusive use of the same herbicides for annual bluegrass control leading to the onset of herbicide resistance.

Keywords

Annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.)foramsulfuronindaziflamoxadiazonsimazinetrifloxysulfuron.Multiple resistancenon-targetresistanceturfturfgrass
Type
Weed Management
Information
Weed Science , Volume 63 , Issue 1 , March 2015 , pp. 321 - 328
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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