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A Time History of Pre- and Post-Bomb Radiocarbon in the Barents Sea Derived from Arcto-Norwegian Cod Otoliths

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 July 2016

John M Kalish ,
Reidar Nydal ,
Kjell H Nedreaas ,
George S Burr  and
Gro L Eine
John M Kalish
Affiliation:
Fisheries and Marine Sciences Program, Bureau of Rural Sciences, Canberra, ACT. Email: John.Kalish@brs.gov.au. Division of Botany and Zoology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
Reidar Nydal
Affiliation:
Department of Physics, NTNU, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
Kjell H Nedreaas
Affiliation:
Institute of Marine Research, N-5817 Bergen, Norway
George S Burr
Affiliation:
NSF-Arizona Accelerator Facility for Radioisotope Analysis, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
Gro L Eine
Affiliation:
Radiological Dating Laboratory, NTNU, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway
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Abstract

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Radiocarbon measured in seawater dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) can be used to investigate ocean circulation, atmosphere/ocean carbon flux, and provide powerful constraints for the fine-tuning of general circulation models (GCMs). Time series of 14C in seawater are derived most frequently from annual bands of hermatypic corals. However, this proxy is unavailable in temperate and polar oceans. Fish otoliths, calcium carbonate auditory, and gravity receptors in the membranous labyrinths of teleost fishes, can act as proxies for 14C in most oceans and at most depths. Arcto-Norwegian cod otoliths are suited to this application due to the well-defined distribution of this species in the Barents Sea, the ability to determine ages of individual Arcto-Norwegian cod with a high level of accuracy, and the availability of archived otoliths collected for fisheries research over the past 60 years. Using measurements of 14C derived from Arcto-Norwegian cod otoliths, we present the first pre- and post-bomb time series (1919–1992) of 14C from polar seas and consider the significance of these data in relation to ocean circulation and atmosphere/ocean flux of 14C. The data provide evidence for a minor Suess effect of only 0.2‰ per year between 1919 and 1950. Bomb 14C was evident in the Barents Sea as early as 1957 and the highest 14C value was measured in an otolith core from a cod with a birth date of 1967. The otolith 14C data display key features common to records of 14C obtained from a Georges Bank mollusc and corals from the tropical and subtropical North Atlantic.

Type
II. Our ‘Wet’ Environment
Information
Radiocarbon , Volume 43 , Issue 2B: Proceedings of the 17th International Radiocarbon Conference (Part 2 of 3), Conference Editors: Israel Carmi, Elisabetta Boaretto , 2001 , pp. 843 - 855
Copyright
Copyright © 2001 by the Arizona Board of Regents on behalf of the University of Arizona 

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