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Emergency Medical Services Utilization in EMS Priority Conditions in Beirut, Lebanon

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2016

Mazen El Sayed ,
Hani Tamim ,
Ahel Al-Hajj Chehadeh  and
Amin A. Kazzi
Mazen El Sayed*
Affiliation:
Department of Emergency Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon Emergency Medical Services and Prehospital Care Program, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
Hani Tamim
Affiliation:
Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
Ahel Al-Hajj Chehadeh
Affiliation:
Department of Emergency Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
Amin A. Kazzi
Affiliation:
Department of Emergency Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
*
Correspondence: Mazen J. El Sayed, MD, MPH, FAAEM, FACEP Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine Director of Emergency Medical Services & Prehospital Care Department of Emergency Medicine American University of Beirut Medical Center P.O. Box - 11-0236 Riad El Solh Beirut 1107 2020 Lebanon E-mail: melsayed@aub.edu.lb
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Abstract

Background

Early activation and use of Emergency Medical Services (EMS) are associated with improved patient outcomes in EMS priority conditions in developed EMS systems. This study describes patterns of EMS use and identifies predictors of EMS utilization in EMS priority conditions in Lebanon

Methods

This was a cross-sectional study of a random sample of adult patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) of a tertiary care center in Beirut with the following EMS priority conditions: chest pain, major trauma, respiratory distress, cardiac arrest, respiratory arrest, and airway obstruction. Patient/proxy survey (20 questions) and chart review were completed. The responses to survey questions were “disagree,” “neutral,” or “agree” and were scored as one, two, or three with three corresponding to higher likelihood of EMS use. A total scale score ranging from 20 to 60 was created and transformed from 0% to 100%. Data were analyzed based on mode of presentation (EMS vs other).

Results

Among the 481 patients enrolled, only 112 (23.3%) used EMS. Mean age for study population was 63.7 years (SD=18.8 years) with 56.5% males. Mean clinical severity score (Emergency Severity Index [ESI]) was 2.5 (SD=0.7) and mean pain score was 3.1 (SD=3.5) at ED presentation. Over one-half (58.8%) needed admission to hospital with 21.8% to an intensive care unit care level and with a mortality rate of 7.3%. Significant associations were found between EMS use and the following variables: severity of illness, degree of pain, familiarity with EMS activation, previous EMS use, perceived EMS benefit, availability of EMS services, trust in EMS response times and treatment, advice from family, and unavailability of immediate private mode of transport (P≤.05). Functional screening, or requiring full assistance (OR=4.77; 95% CI, 1.85-12.29); acute symptoms onset ≤ one hour (OR=2.14; 95% CI, 1.08-4.26); and higher scale scores (OR=2.99; 95% CI, 2.20-4.07) were significant predictors of EMS use. Patients with lower clinical severity (OR=0.53; 95% CI, 0.35-0.81) and those with chest pain (OR=0.05; 95% CI, 0.02-0.12) or respiratory distress (OR=0.15; 95% CI, 0.07-0.31) using cardiac arrest as a reference were less likely to use EMS.

Conclusion

Emergency Medical Services use in EMS priority conditions in Lebanon is low. Several predictors of EMS use were identified. Emergency Medical Services initiatives addressing underutilization should result from this proposed assessment of the perspective of the EMS system’s end user.

El SayedM, TamimH, Al-Hajj ChehadehA, KazziAA. Emergency Medical Services Utilization in EMS Priority Conditions in Beirut, Lebanon. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2016;31(6):621–627.

Keywords

EMSLebanonpredictorsprehospitalpriority conditionsutilization
Type
Original Research
Information
Prehospital and Disaster Medicine , Volume 31 , Issue 6 , December 2016 , pp. 621 - 627
Copyright
© World Association for Disaster and Emergency Medicine 2016 

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