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A Collection of Early Upper Palaeolithic Artefacts from Beedings, near Pulborough, West Sussex, and the Context of Similar Finds from the British Isles

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 February 2014

Roger Jacobi ,
Nick Debenham  and
John Catt
Roger Jacobi
Affiliation:
Department of Palaeontology, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
Nick Debenham
Affiliation:
Quaternary TL Surveys, 19 Leonard Avenue, Nottingham NG5 2LW, UK
John Catt
Affiliation:
Department of Geography, University College London, Pearson Building, Gower Street, London WCIE 6BT, UK
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Abstract

This paper provides a first formal description of a collection of lithic artefacts unearthed during the building of a house called Beedings on a scarp crest near Pulborough in West Sussex.The discovery was probably made in 1900. The collection is very obviously multi-period, but it includes the largest group of Early Upper Palaeolithic artefacts from south-eastern England. Attributed to this time are leaf-points, end-scrapers, and burins. While recent selection has much reduced the collection it also appears to contain contemporary cores and debitage and evidence for the production of bladelets. In a British context this find is unique and in a European perspective it is one of the richest assemblages attributable to the Lincombian–Ranisian–Jerzmanowician technocomplex. The age of this technocomplex is poorly constrained, but in this paper it is argued to belong to the earliest part of the Upper Palaeolithic, starting earlier than the local Aurignacian. The Upper Palaeolithic material from Beedings is interpreted as having come from a hunting camp situated so as to exploit the extensive views across the western Weald.

Résumé

Cette étude apporte une première description magistrale d'une collection d'objets manufacturés lithiques mis au jour au cours de la construction d'une maison appelée Beedings sur la crête d'un escarpement près de Pulborough dans le West Sussex. La découverte date probablement de 1900. La collection couvre, de toute évidence, plusieurs périodes mais elle comprend le plus important ensemble d'objets manufacturés du paléolithique supérieur du sud-est de l'Angleterre. On a attribué à cette époque les pointes foliacées, les grattoirs en bout de lame et les burins. Tandis qu'une récente opération de sélection a beaucoup réduit la collection, elle semble aussi contenir des noyaux et du débitage contemporains et des témoignages de production de lamelles datant de la même époque. Dans un contexte britannique, cette trouvaille est unique et dans une perspective européenne elle constitue l'un des plus riches assemblages attribuables au complexe technologique Lincombien-Ranisien-Jerzmanowicien. L'âge de ce complexe technologique est mal déterminé, mais on argumente dans cette étude qu'il appartient à la plus ancienne partie du paléolithique supérieur, il aurait précédé l'Aurignacien local. On a interprété le matériel du paléolithique supérieur de Beedings comme provenant d'un campement de chasseurs situé de manière à exploiter le vaste panorama sur le Weald à l'ouest.

Résumen

Este artículo proporciona la primera descripción formal de una colección de instrumentos líticos descubierta durante la construcción de una casa llamada Beedings en una cresta cerca de Pulborough en West Sussex. El descubrimiento data probablemente al 1900. La colección pertenece obviamente a muchos periodos, pero incluye el grupo más numeroso de instrumentos del Primer Paleolítico Superior del sureste de Inglaterra. Atribuidas a este periodo son las puntas lanceoladas, rascadores y buriles. Mientras que una selección reciente ha reducido mucho la colección, también parece que contiene muchos núcleos contemporáneos y material de desecho, y evidencia de la producción de bladelets. En un contexto británico este hallazgo es único, y dentro de una perspectiva europea es uno de los hallazgos más ricos atribuible al tecno-complejo Lincombiano-Ranisiano-Jerzmanowiciano. La edad de este tecno-complejo está poco definida, pero este estudio sostiene que pertenece a la primerísima parte del Paleolítico Superior comenzando antes del Auriñaciense local. El material del Paleolítico Superior encontrado en Beedings es interpretado como procedente de un campamento de caza situado en ese emplazamiento para explotar al máximo la amplia vista del Weald oeste.

Zusammenfassung

Dieser Artikel liefert eine erste formale Beschreibung einer Steinartefaktansammlung, die beim Bau eines Hauses mit dem Namen Beedings im oberen Bereich einer Böschung bei Pulborough in West Sussex wahrscheinlich um 1900 zum Vorschein kamen. Die Sammlung ist offenkundig chronologisch nicht homogen, stellt aber die größte Gruppe Jungpaläolithischer Artefakte aus Südost-England dar. Typisch für diese Zeitperiode sind Blattspitzen, Kratzer, und Stichel. Obwohl eine neuerliche Untersuchung und Selektion die Sammlung stark reduziert hat, scheint sie Nachweise für gleichzeitige Kerne und Abschläge und für eine Herstellung von Lamellen zu liefern. Dieser Fund ist in Großbritannien einmalig und gehört auch auf Europäischer Ebene zu den reichsten Inventaren, die dem Lincombian-Ranisian-Jerzmanowician Techno-Komplex zugerechnet werden können. Obwohl sich das Alter dieses Techno-Komplexes schlecht einschränken lässt, wird im Artikel die These aufgestellt, dass es ins früheste Jungpaläolithikum datiert und deshalb dem lokalen Aurignacien vorangeht. Es wird weiterhin argumentiert, dass das jungpaläolithische Material aus Beedings von einem Jagdlager stammt, das wegen der weiten Aussicht über den westlichen Weald dort angelegt wurde.

Type
Research Article
Information
Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society , Volume 73 , 2007 , pp. 229 - 326
Copyright
Copyright © The Prehistoric Society 2007

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