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In vitro efficiency of combined acid-heat treatments for protecting sunflower meal proteins against ruminal degradation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2011

J. M. Arroyo ,
J. González ,
J. Muñoz ,
M. R. Alvir ,
C. A. Rodríguez ,
M. A. Ibañez  and
M. D. del Castillo
J. M. Arroyo*
Affiliation:
Departamento de Producción Animal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
J. González
Affiliation:
Departamento de Producción Animal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
J. Muñoz
Affiliation:
Departamento de Producción Animal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
M. R. Alvir
Affiliation:
Departamento de Producción Animal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
C. A. Rodríguez
Affiliation:
Departamento de Producción Animal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
M. A. Ibañez
Affiliation:
Departamento de Estadística y Métodos de Gestión en Agricultura, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
M. D. del Castillo
Affiliation:
Departamento de Caracterización de Alimentos, Instituto de Fermentaciones Industriales, CSIC, C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
*
†E-mail: josemaria.arroyo.martinez@alumnos.upm.es
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Abstract

Efficacy of combined acid-heat treatments to protect crude protein (CP) against ruminal degradation has not been extensively researched. Four in vitro trials (Daisy technology) with orthophosphoric and malic acids were performed to examine effects on protection of sunflower meal protein. In Trial 1, effects of the solution volume for adding two doses of orthophosphoric acid (0.4 and 1.2 eq/kg sunflower meal) were tested using five dilution volumes (80, 160, 240, 320 and 400 ml/kg of feed) for each acid dose. Samples were heated at 60°C. The quantity of CP that remained undegraded after 20 h in vitro (IVUCP) increased with the amount of acid added (P = 0.01). Increasing the dilution volume also tended (P = 0.065) to increase IVUCP. Therefore, a dilution volume of 400 ml/kg was employed in all further trials. In Trial 2, treatments with solutions of orthophosphoric and malic acids (1.2, 2.4, 3.6 and 4.8 eq/kg) and 60°C of drying temperature were used. Increased CP protection with increased acid doses was described. In this and further trials, higher protective effects of malic acid than orthophosphoric acid were also shown. In Trial 3, the effects of both these acids, four acid concentrations (0.6, 1.2, 1.8 and 2.4 eq/kg) and three levels of heat treatment required for drying the samples (100, 150 and 200°C for 60, 30 and 20 min, respectively) were evaluated. An interaction acid type × concentration × temperature was shown. In addition, interactions concentration × temperature was shown in each acid. With heat treatments of 100°C to 150°C, benefits were not obtained after increasing the acid dose over 0.8 eq/kg. The increase of the heat treatments to 200°C and the acid dose up to 1.2 eq/kg increased protection, but to exceed this dose did not improve protection. In Trial 4, available lysine, CP solubility in McDougall buffer and IVUCP were compared after treatment with water or solutions (0.8 eq/kg) of orthophosphoric or malic acids using 100°C and 150°C heat treatments as described in Trial 3. No effects on available lysine were observed. Both CP solubility and IVUCP were reduced to a greater degree by acids than by water treatment. The results showed a high effectiveness of acid-heat treatments. Levels of protection are dependent on the acid dose, its dilution, acid type and drying conditions.

Keywords

protein protectionacid-heat treatmentsmalic acidorthophosphoric acidin vitro
Type
Full Paper
Information
animal , Volume 5 , Issue 8 , August 2011 , pp. 1188 - 1194
Copyright
Copyright © The Animal Consortium 2011

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