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Variations in seed micromorphology of Paphiopedilum and Cypripedium (Cypripedioideae, Orchidaceae)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 July 2015

Feng-Ping Zhang ,
Juan-Juan Zhang ,
Ning Yan ,
Hong Hu  and
Shi-Bao Zhang
Feng-Ping Zhang
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming650201, Yunnan, China Yunnan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming650201, Yunnan, China
Juan-Juan Zhang
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming650201, Yunnan, China
Ning Yan*
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming650201, Yunnan, China Yunnan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming650201, Yunnan, China
Hong Hu*
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming650201, Yunnan, China Yunnan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming650201, Yunnan, China
Shi-Bao Zhang
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming650201, Yunnan, China Yunnan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming650201, Yunnan, China
*
*Correspondence E-mail: yanning@mail.kib.ac.cn and huhong@mail.kib.ac.cn
*Correspondence E-mail: yanning@mail.kib.ac.cn and huhong@mail.kib.ac.cn
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Abstract

The micromorphology of a seed is linked to its dispersal and germination, but evolutionary and ecological aspects in Orchidaceae remain unclear. We investigated the seed characters of Paphiopedilum and Cypripedium that might be associated with life form and involved in possible ecological adaptations. A phylogenetic comparative analysis of nine seed micromorphological characters was performed in 24 species from two genera with close phylogenetic relationships but significant differences in their ecological characteristics. Species within Paphiopedilum had larger embryos and a smaller percentage of air space (AS) than those of Cypripedium species. Compared with 16 terrestrial species, two epiphytic Paphiopedilum species had larger embryos and smaller AS. Those larger embryos might ensure more successful seedling establishment while the higher amount of air space in both terrestrial Paphiopedilum and Cypripedium may increase seed buoyancy and enable them to disperse over longer distances. Whereas AS and seed length (SL) are phylogenetically conservative, most other characters examined here had weak signals, indicating clear convergent evolution. Across species, SL was positively correlated with AS, indicating a high degree of seed size–dispersal coordination. These findings may imply a trade-off of seed characters in relation to the possible ecological adaptations required for seedling establishment versus dispersal.

Keywords

seed air spacesseed dispersalterrestrial versus epiphytic habits
Type
Research Papers
Information
Seed Science Research , Volume 25 , Issue 4 , December 2015 , pp. 395 - 401
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Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2015 

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