An outstanding feature of the kinship organization of the Baniyankole is its lack of uniformity. Here we have an African tribe composed of pastoralists and agriculturalists, whose respective kinship organizations reveal marked differences, despite the fact that they have for a long time inhabited a common territory, spoken a common language, and practised many similar customs. Besides these two, so to speak, original forms there are the more recent variations due to European influences. If we are to study the family, for instance, we shall have to consider several types. There is the family of the Muhima herdsman, the family of the agricultural Mwiru of the old type, the family of the peasant who owns cattle and grows coffee, and the family of the government clerk or school teacher. Similarly, if we were to study the political organization, we should have to consider the old form of Banyankole kingship as it existed when the British took over the administration of Ankole, the outlines of which we are able to construct not only from the present form of government but also from official documents and the memories of missionaries and natives who lived at the time, and the series of changes that have taken place in this form of government. It at once becomes apparent that we are here dealing with variations and change. Differences in time and space are as much facts of the case as are the peculiarities and general features of a given item of culture. Any realistic approach to the variations and changes in the kinship organization of the Banyankole, therefore, calls not only for description but for comparison and interpretation.

Diverses études, publiées dans Africa au cours des dernières années, ont signalé combien la nourriture des populations vivant sous les tropiques était parfois insuffisante, irrégulière, peu variée, mal équilibrée, et quelles conséquences graves en résultaient pour celles qui sont soumises à un semblable régime. Cet article a pour but de résumer les principales mesures qui ont été prises par les États colonisateurs dans leurs diverses possessions afin de combattre un pareil état de choses.

Africans and Melanesians have been put into a similar position by the Europeans who invaded and occupied their country, and extended a colonial tutelage over them. There are, of course, many kinds of ‘colonies’ and ‘native’ peoples in each of these regions: within the African continent (as far as it is inhabited by black races) various areas can be distinguished in east, west, and south. The Papuo-Melanesians exhibit regional varieties in a somewhat similar way.

The Report of the De La Warr Commission on Education in East Africa, the recent Colonial Office pamphlet on Education and Village Communities, and repeated statements and proposals by Directors of Education in British African dependencies are again drawing attention to the pressing need for new advances in the development of educational facilities in Africa. From these studies, proposals and reports it becomes clear that there are three main directions along which the need for advance seems urgent, namely: the development of higher education of a University standing (and the establishment of centres for research at the projected University schools), the increasing of facilities for secondary education which shall, inter alia, open for a greater number of Africans the doors to University studies, and, lastly, an increase in the numbers of some kind of rudimentary schools for the peoples as a whole, which will help to spread the basic tools of modern living—reading, writing, and arithmetic. It is this last line of development which is the subject of the present article.

Vorbemerkungen : Der Nsungli-Stamm bewohnt ein Gebiet im nördlichen Kamerun unter britischem Mandat. Es erstreckt sich von etwa 6° 5′ N. bis 6° 45′ N. und von 10° 30′ bis 11° 15′ O. Das Gelände ist vorwiegend welliges Hochland von 1600 bis 2300 m. Man unterscheidet zwei Jahreszeiten: die Trockenzeit und die Regenzeit. Erstere beginnt Anfang November. Im März setzen in der Regel wieder die ersten Regen ein. Die eigentlichen Regenmonate sind Juli bis Oktober. Bedingt durch die Höhenlage hat das Nsungli-Land eine für afrikanische Verhältnisse recht niedrige Temperatur. Meist sind morgens 7 h nicht mehr als 9-12° C. Mittags steigt das Thermometer auf 20-28° C, um am Abend wieder auf 15-18° C zu fallen. Bei Einwirkung der rauhen NO. Winde geht die Temperatur auch noch unter 7° C zurück.

In a recent contribution Mr. A. V. P. Elliot has broached a subject which requires the serious consideration of all educationists in East Africa. One hopes that the interchange of information which he suggests will take place.