Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-c4f8m Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-19T06:31:15.694Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Depression symptom patterns

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2009

Paul Matussek ,
Olga Luks  and
Dorothea Nagel
Paul Matussek*
Affiliation:
Research Centre for Psychopathology and Psychotherapy in the Max Planck Society, Munich, West Germany
Olga Luks
Affiliation:
Research Centre for Psychopathology and Psychotherapy in the Max Planck Society, Munich, West Germany
Dorothea Nagel
Affiliation:
Research Centre for Psychopathology and Psychotherapy in the Max Planck Society, Munich, West Germany
*
1 Address for correspondence: Professor Dr med. Dr phil. Paul Matussek. Forschungsstelle für Psychopathologie und Psychotherapie in der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Montsalvatstrasse 19, D-8000 München 40, West Germany
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Synopsis

Cluster analyses with 60 depressive patients resulted in a division of the patients into 4 groups: (1) one main group of endogenous depressives; (2), (3) two mixed groups, indicating that it is not always possible to distinguish between endogenous and neurotic depression by means of symptoms; (4) one group of neurotic depressives. Our interpretation of the results is that the latter 3 clusters differ from the main group of endogenous depressives by their greater inner involvement with the world around them, though this involvement assumes different forms in the 3 groups.

Type
Research Article
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 12 , Issue 4 , November 1982 , pp. 765 - 773
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1982

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Akiskal, H. S., Bitar, A. H., Puzantian, V. R., Rosenthal, T. L. & Walker, P. W. (1978). The nosological status of neurotic depression. A prospective three- to four-year follow-up examination in light of the primary–secondary and unipolar–bipolar dichotomies. Archives of General Psychiatry 35, 756–766.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Andreasen, N. C., Grove, W. M. & Maurer, R. (1980). Cluster analysis and the classification of depression. British Journal of Psychiatry 137, 256–265.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Blashfield, R. K. & Morey, L. C. (1979). The classification of depression through cluster analysis. Comprehensive Psychiatry 20,516–527.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bleuler, E. (1930). Lehrbuch der Psychiatrie. Springer: Berlin.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Byrne, D. G. (1978). Cluster analysis applied to self-reported depressive symptomatology. Acta psychiatrica scandinavica 57, 1–10.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Friedmann, A. S., Cowitz, B., Cohen, H. W. & Granick, S. (1963). Syndromes and themes of psychotic depression. A factor analysis. Archives of General Psychiatry 9, 504–509.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grinker, R. R., Miller, J., Sabshin, M., Nunn, R. & Nunnally, J. C. (1961). The Phenomena of Depressions. Hoeber: New York.Google Scholar
Hamilton, M. & White, J. M. (1959). Clinical syndromes in depressive states. Journal of Mental Science 105, 985–998.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kielholz, P. (1971). Diagnose und Therapie der Depressionen für den Praktiker. Lehmanns: Munich.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kiloh, L. G. & Garside, R. F. (1963). The independence of neurotic depression and endogenous depression. British Journal of Psychiatry 109, 451–463.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Klerman, G. L., Endicott, J., Spitzer, R. & Hirschfeld, R. M. A. (1979). Neurotic depressions: a systematic analysis of multiple criteria and meanings. American Journal of Psychiatry 136, 57–61.Google ScholarPubMed
Kraepelin, E. (1909, 1910, 1913, 1915). Psychiatrie Vols. 1–4 (8th edn). Barth: Leipzig. (Section on manic-depressive insanity and paranoia. English translation Barclay, M.. Livingstone: Edinburgh, 1921.)Google Scholar
Lance, G. N. & Williams, W. T. (1965). Computer programs for monothetic classification (‘Association analysis’). Computer Journal 8, 246–249.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lazare, A. & Klerman, G. L. (1968). Hysteria and depression: the frequency and significance of hysterical personality features in hospitalized depressed women. American Journal of Psychiatry 124, 11 05. Suppl. 48–56.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lorr, M., Pokorny, A. D. & Klett, C. J. (1973). Three depressive types. Journal of Clinical Psychology 29, 290–294.3.0.CO;2-R>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Matussek, P. (1975). Internment in Concentration Camps and its Consequences. Springer: Berlin.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matussek, P. & Luks, O. (1981). Themes of endogenous and nonendogenous depressions. Psychiatry Research 5, 235–242.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Matussek, P., Halbach, A. & Troeger, U. (1965). Endogene Depression. Eine statistische Untersuchung unbehandelter Fälle. Urban & Schwarzenberg: Munich and Berlin.Google Scholar
Matussek, P., Söldner, M. & Nagel, D. (1981). Identification of the endogenous depressive syndrome based on the symptoms and the characteristics of the course. British Journal of Psychiatry 138, 361–372.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Matussek, P., Söldner, M. & Nagel, D. (1982). Neurotic depression. Results of cluster analyses. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease (in the press).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ní Bhrolchain, M. N., Brown, G. W. & Harris, T. O. (1979). Psychotic and neurotic depression. 2. Clinical characteristics. British Journal of Psychiatry 134, 94–107.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Overall, J. E., Hollister, L. E., Johnson, M. & Pennington, V. (1966). Nosology of depression and differential response to drugs. Journal of the American Medical Association 195, 946–948.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Paykel, E. S. (1971). Classification of depressed patients: a cluster analysis derived grouping. British Journal of Psychiatry 118, 275–288.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Paykel, E. S. (1972). Depressive typologies and response to amitriptyline. British Journal of Psychiatry 120, 147–156.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Paykel, E. S., Klerman, G. L. & Prusoff, B. A. (1976). Personality and symptom pattern in depression. British Journal of Psychiatry 129, 327–334.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Perris, C. (1966). A study of bipolar (manic-depressive) and unipolar recurrent depressive psychoses. Acta psychiatrica scandinavica 42, Suppl. 194, 1–189.Google Scholar
Rand, W. M. (1971). Objective criteria for the evaluation of clustering methods. Journal of the American Statistical Association 66, 846–850.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Raskin, A. & Crook, T. H. (1976). The endogenous–neurotic distinction as a predictor of response to antidepressant drugs. Psychological Medicine 6, 49–70.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rosenthal, S. H. & Gudeman, J. E. (1967). The endogenous–depressive pattern: an empirical investigation. Archives of General Psychiatry 16, 241–249.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schneider, K. (1950). Klinische Psychopathologie. Thieme: Stuttgart. (English translation: Clinical Psychopathology. Grune & Stratton: New York, 1959.)Google Scholar
Schulte, W. & Tölle, R. (1973). Psychiatrie. Springer: Berlin.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sokal, R. R. & Sneath, P. H. A. (1963). Principles of Numerical Taxonomy. Freeman: San Francisco.Google Scholar
Späth, H. (1977). Cluster–Analyse–Algorithmen. Oldenburg: Munich and Vienna.Google Scholar
Spitzer, R. L., Endicott, J. E. & Robins, E. (1978). Research Diagnostic Criteria for a Selected Group of Functional Disorders (3rd edn). New York State Psychiatric Institute, Biometrics Research: New York.Google Scholar