Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-m8qmq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-16T06:17:34.624Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Integrated Management of Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense) with Insect Biological Control and Plant Competition under Variable Soil Nutrients

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Erin E. Burns ,
Deirdre A. Prischmann-Voldseth  and
Greta G. Gramig
Erin E. Burns
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717
Deirdre A. Prischmann-Voldseth
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108
Greta G. Gramig*
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: greta.gramig@ndsu.edu
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Because of economic and environmental constraints, alternatives to chemical management of Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) are frequently sought, but adequate nonchemical suppression of this invasive species remains elusive. Combining biological control with other tactics may be an effective approach to suppress Canada thistle, but more information is needed about how environmental conditions affect interspecific interactions. We investigated effects of a biocontrol agent (Hadroplontus litura, a stem-mining weevil) and a potential plant competitor (common sunflower, Helianthus annuus, native annual) on Canada thistle under two soil nutrient regimes in outdoor microcosms. Larval mining damage was relatively light, and weevils negatively impacted only main shoot height and flower number. All measures of Canada thistle performance were reduced when plants were grown with common sunflower or in reduced nutrients, although effects of the latter on root biomass were not significant. Effects of common sunflower and soil nutrients on Canada thistle were generally additive, though a marginally insignificant interaction indicated a trend for greatest flower number with high nutrients and absence of common sunflower. Effects of weevils and common sunflower on Canada thistle were also additive rather than interactive. Although larval damage ratings were significantly greater on plants grown in high-nutrient soil, under our experimental conditions weevils and soil nutrients did not have a significant interactive effect on Canada thistle plants. Our results indicate that H. litura is a relatively weak biological control agent, but when combined with competitive desirable vegetation, some level of Canada thistle suppression may be possible, especially if soil nutrient levels are not highly enriched from agricultural runoff. Assessing the true ecological impacts of Canada thistle infestations may be an important direction for future research.

Keywords

Stem-mining weevil, Hadroplontus litura FabriciusCanada thistle, Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.common sunflower, Helianthus annuus L.Integrated pest managementbiological controlcover crop
Type
Research
Information
Invasive Plant Science and Management , Volume 6 , Issue 4 , December 2013 , pp. 512 - 520
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Aarssen, L. W. 1995. Hypotheses for the evolution of apical dominance in plants: implications for the interpretation of overcompensation. Oikos 74:149–156.Google Scholar
Bacher, S. and Schwab, F. 2000. Effect of herbivore density, timing of attack and plant community on performance of creeping thistle Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. (Asteraceae). Biocontrol Sci. Technol. 10:343–352.Google Scholar
Becker, R. L., Haar, M. J., Kincaid, B. D., Klossner, L. D., and Forcella, F. 2008. Production and wind dispersal of Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense L.) achenes. Minnesota Department of Transportation Report No. MN/RC 2008-39.Google Scholar
Burke, J. M., Gardner, K. A., and Rieseberg, L. H. 2002. The potential for gene flow between cultivated and wild sunflower (Helianthus annuus) in the United States. Am. J. Bot. 89:1550–1552.Google Scholar
Burns, E. E. 2012. Integrated Pest Management of Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense L.). M.S. thesis. Fargo, ND North Dakota State University.Google Scholar
Collier, T. R., Enloe, S. F., Sciegienka, J. K., and Menalled, F. D. 2007. Combined impacts of Ceutorhynchus litura and herbicide treatments for Canada thistle suppression. Biol. Control 43:231–236.Google Scholar
Coombs, E. M., Clark, J. K., Piper, G. L., and Cofrancesco, A. F. Jr, eds. 2004. Biological Control of Invasive Plants in the United States. Corvallis, OR Oregon State University Press. 467 p.Google Scholar
Cripps, M. G., Edwards, G. R., Bourdot, G. M., Saville, D. J., Hinz, H. L., and Fowler, S. V. 2010. Effects of pasture competition and specialist herbivory on the performance of Cirsium arvense . Biocontrol Sci. Technol. 20:641–656.Google Scholar
Cripps, M. G., Gassmann, A., Fowler, S. V., Bourdot, G. W., McClay, A. S., and Edwards, G. R. 2011. Classical biological control of Cirsium arvense: lessons from the past. Biol. Control 57:165–174.Google Scholar
De Bruyn, L., Scheirs, J., and Verhagen, R. 2002. Nutrient stress, host plant quality and herbivore performance of a leaf-mining fly on grass. Oecologia 130:594–599.Google Scholar
DiTomaso, J. M. 2000. Invasive weeds in rangelands: Species, impacts, and management. Weed Sci. 48:255–265.Google Scholar
Donald, W. W. 1990. Management and control of Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense). Rev. Weed Sci. 5:193–250.Google Scholar
Donald, W. W. 1994. The biology of Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense). Rev. Weed Sci. 6:77–101.Google Scholar
Edwards, G. R., Bourdot, G. W., and Crawley, M. J. 2000. Influence of herbivory, competition and soil fertility on the abundance of Cirsium arvense in acid grassland. J. Appl. Ecol. 37:321–334.Google Scholar
Evans, J. E. 1984. Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense): a literature review of management practices. Nat. Areas J. 4:11–21.Google Scholar
Ferrero-Serrano, A., Collier, T. R., Hild, A. L., Mealor, B. A., and Smith, T. 2008. Combined impacts of native grass competition and introduced weevil herbivory on Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense). Rangeland Ecol. Manage. 61:529–534.Google Scholar
Friedli, J. and Bacher, S. 2001. Direct and indirect effects of a shoot-base boring weevil and plant competition on performance of creeping thistle, Cirsium arvense . Biol. Control. 22:219–226.Google Scholar
Gómez, S., Latzel, V., Verhulst, Y. M., and Stuefer, J. F. 2007. Costs and benefits of induced resistance in a clonal plant network. Oecologia 153:921–930.Google Scholar
Graglia, E., Melander, B., and Jensen, R. K. 2006. Mechanical and cultural strategies to control Cirsium arvense in organic arable cropping systems. Weed Res. 46:304–312.Google Scholar
Hein, G. L. and Wilson, R. G. 2004. Impact of Ceutorhynchus litura feeding on root carbohydrate levels in Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense). Weed Sci. 52:628–633.Google Scholar
Jaremo, J., Nilsson, P., and Tuomi, J. 1996. Plant compensatory growth: herbivory or competition? Oikos 77:238–247.Google Scholar
Knochel, D. G. and Seastedt, T. R. 2010. Reconciling contradictory findings of herbivore impacts on spotted knapweed (Centaurea stoebe) growth and reproduction. Ecol. Appl. 20:1903–1912.Google Scholar
Larson, G. E., Wittig, T. A., Higgins, K. F., Turnipseed, B., and Gardner, D. M. 2005. Influence of biocontrol insects on Canada thistle: seed production, germinability, and viability. Prairie Nat. 37(2):85–100.Google Scholar
Liu, Z., Clay, S. A., and Brinkman, M. 2000. Biological control of Canada thistle in South Dakota. Proc. S. D. Acad. Sci. 79:21–34.Google Scholar
Loehle, C. 1987. Partitioning of reproductive effort in clonal plants: a benefit-cost model. Oikos 49:199–208.Google Scholar
Lukashyk, P., Berg, M., and Kopke, U. 2008. Strategies to control Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) under organic farming conditions. Renew. Agr. Food Syst. 23:13–18.Google Scholar
McClay, A. S. 2002. Canada thistle. Pages 217–228 in Van Driesch, R., et al. (eds.). Biological Control of Invasive Plants in the Eastern United States. Morgantown, WV U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service FHTET-2002-04.Google Scholar
McIntyre, G. I. and Hunter, J. H. 1975. Some effects of the nitrogen supply on growth and development of Cirsium arvense . Can. J. Bot. 53:3012–3021.Google Scholar
McLennan, B. R., Ashford, R., and Devine, M. D. 1991. Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. competition with winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Weed Res. 31:409–415.Google Scholar
Murakami, T., Shimano, S., Kaneda, S., Nakajima, M., Urashima, Y., and Miyoshi, N. 2006. Multicolor staining of root systems in pot culture. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. 52:618–622.Google Scholar
Nadeau, L. B. and Vanden Born, W. H. 1990. The effects of supplemental nitrogen on shoot production and root bud dormancy of Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) under field conditions. Weed Sci. 38:379–384.Google Scholar
O'Sullivan, P. A., Kossatz, V. C., Weiss, G. M., and Dew, D. A. 1982. An approach to estimating yield loss of barley due to Canada thistle. Can. J. Plant Sci. 62:725–731.Google Scholar
O'Sullivan, P. A., Weiss, G. M., and Kossatz, V. C. 1985. Indices of competition for estimating rapeseed yield loss due to Canada thistle. Can. J. Plant Sci. 65:145–149.Google Scholar
Pekrun, C. and Wilhelm, C. 2004. The effect of stubble tillage and primary tillage on population dynamics of Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) in organic farming. J. Plant Dis. Prot. 19:483–490.Google Scholar
Perry, L. G., Cronin, S. A., and Paschke, M. W. 2009. Native cover crops suppress exotic annuals and favor native perennials in a greenhouse competition experiment. Plant Ecol. 2004:247–259.Google Scholar
Peschken, D. P. and Derby, J. L. 1992. Effects of Urophora cardui (L.) (Diptera, Tephritidae) and Ceutorhynchus litura (F.) (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) on the weed Canada thistle, Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. Can. Entomol. 124:145–150.Google Scholar
Peschken, D. P. and Wilkinson, A. T. S. 1981. Biocontrol of Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense)—releases and effectiveness of Ceutorhynchus litura (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) in Canada. Can. Entomol. 113:777–785.Google Scholar
Peschken, D. P. and Beecher, R. W. 1973. Ceutorhynchus litura (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): biology and first releases for biological control of the weed Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) in Ontario, Canada. Can. Entomol. 105:1489–1494.Google Scholar
Price, P. W. 1991. The plant vigor hypothesis and herbivore attack. Oikos 62:244–251.Google Scholar
Price, P. W. 1997. Insect Ecology, 3rd ed. New York, NY John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Google Scholar
Reed, C. C., Larson, D. L., and Larson, J. L. 2006. Canada thistle biological control agents on two South Dakota wildlife refuges. Nat. Areas J. 26:47–52.Google Scholar
Rees, N. E. 1990. Establishment, dispersal, and influence of Ceutorhynchus litura on Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) in the Gallatin Valley of Montana. Weed Sci. 38:198–200.Google Scholar
[SAS] Statistical Analysis Systems. 2008. Statistical Analysis Software. Version 9.2. Cary, NC Statistical Analysis Systems Institute.Google Scholar
Sciegienka, J. K., Keren, E. N., and Menalled, F. D. 2011. Integrations between two biological control agents and an herbicide for Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) suppression. Invasive Plant Sci. Manage. 4:151–158.Google Scholar
Shea, K., Kelly, D., Sheppard, A., and Woodburn, T. 2005. Context-dependent biological control of an invasive thistle. Ecology 86:3174–3181.Google Scholar
SYSTAT Software Inc. 2007. SYSTAT version 12.02. SYSTAT Software Inc., Chicago IL.Google Scholar
Tichich, R. P. and Doll, J. D. 2006. Field-based evaluation of a novel approach for infecting Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) with Pseudomonas syringae pv. tagetis. Weed Sci. 54:166–171.Google Scholar
Tiley, G. E. D. 2010. Biological flora of the British Isles: Cirsium arvense (L.). Scop. J. Ecol. 98:938–983.Google Scholar
Townend, J. and Dickinson, A. L. 1995. A comparison of rooting environments in containers of different sizes. Plant Soil 175:139–146.Google Scholar
Travnicek, A. J., Lym, R. G., and Prosser, C. 2005. Fall-prescribed burn and spring-applied herbicide effects on Canada thistle control and soil seedbank in a northern mixed-grass prairie. Rangel. Ecol. Manage. 58:413–422.Google Scholar
Tworkoski, T. 1992. Development and environmental effects on assimilate partitioning in Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense). Weed Sci. 40:79–85.Google Scholar
Winston, R., Hansen, R., Schwarzlander, M., Coombs, E., Randall, C. B., and Lym, R. 2008. Canada thistle. Pages 16–17 in Biology and Biological Control of Exotic True Thistles. Morgantown, WV U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service FHTET-2007-05.Google Scholar
Zimdahl, R. L., Lin, J., and Dall'Armellina, A. A. 1991. Effect of light, watering frequency, and chlorsulfuron on Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense). Weed Sci. 39:590–594.Google Scholar
Zwolfer, H. and Harris, P. 1966. Ceutorhynchus litura (F.) (Col. Curculionidae), and potential insect for the control of thistle, Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. Can. J. Zool. 44:22–38.Google Scholar