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THE ‘SOS’ AMPHORA: AN UPDATE

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 April 2015

Catherine E. Pratt
Catherine E. Pratt*
Affiliation:
Department of Classical Studies, University of Western Ontario
*
cpratt25@uwo.ca
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Abstract

Research conducted and published over the last 35 years has brought to light much new information concerning the so-called ‘SOS’ amphora, produced primarily in Attica and Euboea in the Archaic period. However, little focused work has been undertaken in the study of these vessels since Johnston and Jones' seminal work in 1978. This paper therefore provides a critical update on the production and distribution of SOS amphorae using the current data available. Included in this update is a discussion of recent research on Early Iron Age amphorae that may help situate the SOS amphora within a broader ceramic milieu. A new distribution of SOS amphorae also necessitates a reappraisal of some previously held ideas concerning their chronological patterns and the specific actors involved in their shipment. Taking into consideration the multiple spatial and temporal varieties of SOS amphorae, it can be shown that these vessels were relatively evenly deposited across the Mediterranean, from Iberia to the Levant, very early in the Archaic period. In combination with other factors, this widespread distribution may support the hypothesis that non-Greek seafarers were involved with transporting Athenian and Euboean SOS amphorae. Ultimately, it is hoped that a fresh look at this ceramic shape, however brief, might contribute to existing scholarly debates on cultural interactions and mobility within the Mediterranean basin during the Archaic period.

Ο αμφορέας ‘SOS’: μια σύγχρονη προσέγγιση

Τα τελευταία 35 χρόνια, η σύγχρονη έρευνα έφερε στο φως αρκετά νέα στοιχεία σχετικά με τον λεγόμενο αμφορέα SOS, ο οποίος παρήχθη βασικά στην Αττική και στην Εύβοια κατά την Αρχαϊκή περίοδο. Πάραυτα, λίγες μελέτες έχουν ασχοληθεί με το θέμα μετά το σημαντικό έργο των Johnston και Jones το 1978. Αυτό το άρθρο παρουσιάζει μια κριτική αξιολόγηση της συζήτησης για την παραγωγή και διανομή των αμφορέων SOS, χρησιμοποιώντας τα διαθέσιμα δεδομένα. Συμπεριλαμβάνει μια ανάλυση της σύγχρονης έρευνας για τους αμφορείς της Πρώιμης εποχής του Σιδήρου, που πιθανόν να βοηθήσει να τοποθετήσουμε την παραγωγή και διανομή των αμφορέων SOS μέσα σε ένα γενικότερο περιβάλλον κεραμεικής παραγωγής και διανομής. Το νέο μοντέλο διανομής των αμφορέων SOS που προτείνουμε απαιτεί μια συνολική επανεξέταση των καθιερωμένων ερμηνειών όσον αφορά την χρονολόγηση τους και το ανθρώπινο δυναμικό που συμμετείχε στην διακίνησή τους. Δεδομένων των διαφόρων ειδών αμφορέων SOS, προτείνουμε ότι αυτά τα αγγεία είχαν γενικά ισότιμη παρουσία στην Μεσόγεια, από την Ιβηρία μέχρι την Εγγύ Ανατολή, ήδη από την πρώιμη Αρχαϊκή περίοδο. Σε συνδυασμό με άλλους παράγοντες, αυτή η εκτενής διανομή ίσως να υποστηρίζει την υπόθεση ότι μη-Έλληνες ναυτικοί ήταν οι πρωτεργάτες της μεταφοράς των Αθηναϊκών και Ευβοϊκών αμφορέων. Σε τελευταία ανάλυση, ελπίζουνε ότι μια καινούργια ματιά σε αυτή την κεραμεική, αν και σύντομη, μπορεί να συνεισφέρει στην υπάρχουσα ακαδημαϊκή συζήτηση για τις πολιτισμικές συναλλαγές και την κινητικότητα στη Μεσόγεια κατά την Αρχαϊκή περίοδο.

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Annual of the British School at Athens , Volume 110 , November 2015 , pp. 213 - 245
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Copyright © The Council, British School at Athens 2015 

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