Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-c4f8m Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-23T17:04:07.089Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Bioefficacy of a mono-component protease in the diets of pigs and poultry: a meta-analysis of effect on ileal amino acid digestibility

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 July 2014

Aaron J. Cowieson  and
Franz F. Roos
Aaron J. Cowieson*
Affiliation:
DSM Nutritional Products, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
Franz F. Roos
Affiliation:
DSM Nutritional Products, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
*
Corresponding author:aaron.cowieson@dsm.com
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

A meta-analysis of the effect of a mono-component bacterial protease (RONOZYME® ProAct) on the apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids in poultry and swine diets was conducted to examine functional patterns, mean effects and variability of response. A total of 25 independently-conducted experiments were included comprising a total of 804 datapoints. The mean response to protease was +3.74% (SE 1.1%, P < 0.001) and this ranged from +5.6% for Thr (SE 1.2%, P < 0.001) to +2.7% for Glu (SE 1.2%, P < 0.05). For the most economically critical amino acids (Lys, Cys, Met and Thr) the mean response was 4.5%. The effect of protease was independent of geography, animal species and diet composition (P > 0.05). However, the inherent digestibility of amino acids in the control diet as a single explanatory term explained around 47% of the variance (P < 0.001) in effect. When the inherent digestibility of amino acids in the control diet was less than 70% protease addition improved amino acid digestibility in 90% of cases with a mean improvement of around 10%. When the inherent digestibility of amino acids in the control diet was more than 90% there was a protease-mediated improvement in digestibility in only 60% of cases with a mean improvement of around 2%. It can be concluded that the inherent digestibility of amino acids in the diet without protease supplementation is the primary explanatory term for the efficacy of this exogenous protease, demonstrating that it is highly effective in improving the digestibility of amino acids across a wide range of feed ingredients. Benchmarking diets or feed ingredients as to their relative nutritional value would enhance the ability of nutritionists to determine the likely return on investment on use of bacterial proteases in their operation.

Keywords

proteasepoultrypigsamino acidnutrition
Type
Original Article
Information
Journal of Applied Animal Nutrition , Volume 2 , 2013 , e13
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press and Journal of Applied Animal Nutrition Ltd. 2014 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Angel, R.A., Saylor, W., Vieira, S.L. and Ward, N. (2011) Effects of a monocomponent protease on performance and protein utilization in 7- to 22-day-old broiler chickens. Poultry Science, 90: 2281–2286.Google Scholar
Angkanaporn, K., Choct, M., Bryden, W.L., Annison, E.F. and Annison, G. (1994) Effects of wheat pentosans on endogenous amino acid losses in chickens. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 66: 399–404.Google Scholar
Baker, D.H. and Han, Y. (1994) Ideal amino acid profile for chicks during the first three weeks post-hatching. Poultry Science, 73: 1441–1447.Google Scholar
Bertechini, R.L., Carvalho, J.C.C., Mesquita, F.R., Castro, S.F., Meneghetti, C. and Sorbara, J.O.B. (2009a) Use of a protease to enhance the utilization of full fat soybean amino acids by broilers. Poultry Science, 88(1), 70.Google Scholar
Bertechini, R.L., Carvalho, J.C.C., Mesquita, F.R., Castro, S.F., Remolina, D.F. and Sorbara, J.O.B. (2009b) Use of a protease to enhance the utilization of soybean amino acids by broilers. Poultry Science, 88(1), 69.Google Scholar
Carvalho, J.C.C., Bertechini, A.G., Rios, R.L., Mesquita, F.R., Lima, E.M.C. and Sorbara, J.O.B. (2009) Use of a protease to enhance the utilization of corn amino acids by broilers. Poultry Science, 88(1), 69–70.Google Scholar
Cowieson, A.J., Acamovic, T. and Bedford, M.R. (2004) The effects of phytase and phytate on the loss of endogenous amino acids and minerals from broiler chickens. British Poultry Science, 45: 101–108.Google Scholar
Cowieson, A.J., Ravindran, V. and Selle, P.H. (2008) Influence of dietary phytic acid and source of microbial phytase on ileal endogenous amino acid flows in broiler chickens. Poultry Science, 87: 2287–2299.Google Scholar
Cowieson, A.J., Bedford, M.R., Selle, P.H. and Ravindran, V. (2009) Phytate and microbial phytase: implications for endogenous nitrogen losses and nutrient availability. Worlds Poultry Science Journal, 65: 401–418.Google Scholar
Cowieson, A.J. and Bedford, M.R. (2009) The effect of phytase and carbohydrase on ileal amino acid digestibility in monogastric diets: complementary mode of action? Worlds Poultry Science Journal, 65: 609–624.Google Scholar
Cowieson, A.J. (2010) Strategic selection of exogenous enzymes for corn/soy-based poultry diets. The Journal of Poultry Science, 47: 1–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cowieson, A.J., Bedford, M.R. and Ravindran, V. (2010) Interactions between xylanase and glucanase in maize-soy-based diets for broilers. British Poultry Science, 51: 246–257.Google Scholar
Clarke, E. and Wiseman, J. (2005) Effects of variability in trypsin inhibitor content of soya bean meals on true and apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids and pancreas size in broiler chicks. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 121: 125–138.Google Scholar
Fan, M.Z., Sauer, W.C., Hardin, R.T. and Lien, K.A. (1994) Determination of apparent ileal amino acid digestibility in pigs: effect of dietary amino acid level. Journal of Animal Science, 72: 2851–2859.Google Scholar
Freitas, D.M., Vieira, S.L., Angel, C.R., Favero, A. and Maiorka, A. (2011) Performance and nutrient utilization of broiler fed diets supplemented with a novel mono-component protease. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 20: 322–334.Google Scholar
Fru-Nji, F., Kluenter, A.M., Fischer, M. and Pontoppidan, K. (2011) A feed serine protease improves broiler performance and increases protein and energy digestibility. Journal of Poultry Science, 48: 239–246.Google Scholar
Ghazi, S., Rooke, J.A., Galbraith, H. and Bedford, M.R. (2002) The potential for the improvement of the nutritive value of soya-bean meal by different proteases in broiler chicks and broiler cockerels. British Poultry Science, 43: 70–77.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ghazi, S., Rooke, J.A. and Galbraith, H. (2003) Improvement of the nutritive value of soybean meal by protease and a-galactosidase treatment in broiler cockerels and broiler chicks. British Poultry Science, 44: 410–418.Google Scholar
Guggenbuhl, P., Wache, Y. and Wilson, J.W. (2011) Effects of dietary supplementation with a protease on the apparent ileal digestibility of the weaned piglet. Poultry Science (Abs).Google Scholar
Hew, L.I., Ravindran, V., Mollah, Y. and Bryden, W.L. (1998) Influence of exogenous xylanase supplementation on apparent metabolisable energy and amino acid digestibility in wheat for broiler chickens. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 75: 83–92.Google Scholar
Huang, K.H., Ravindran, V., Li, X. and Bryden, W.L. (2005) Influence of age on the apparent ileal amino acid digestibility of feed ingredients for broiler chickens. British Poultry Science, 46: 236–245.Google Scholar
Iwaniuk, M., Angel, R., Vieira, S. and Ward, N.E. (2011) True ileal amino acid digestibility of ingredients in broilers in the presence or absence of a mono-component protease. Poultry Science Abstract 504.Google Scholar
Kalmendal, R. and Tauson, R. (2012) Effects of xylanase and protease, individually or in combination, and an ionophore coccidiostat on performance, nutrient utilization, and intestinal morphology in broiler chickens fed a wheat-soybean meal-based diet. Poultry Science, 91: 1387–1393.Google Scholar
Krogdahl, A. and Sell, J.L. (1989) Influence of age on lipase, amylase, and protease activities in the pancreatic tissue and intestinal contents of young turkeys. Poultry Science, 68: 1561–1568.Google Scholar
Lemme, A., Ravindran, V. and Bryden, W.L. (2004) Ileal digestibility of amino acids in feed ingredients for broilers. Worlds Poultry Science Journal, 60: 423–438.Google Scholar
Li, S. and Sauer, W.C. (1994) The effect of dietary fat content on amino acid digestibility in young pigs. Journal of Animal Science, 72: 1737–1743.Google Scholar
Liu, S.Y., Selle, P.H. and Cowieson, A.J. (2013a) Influence of white- and red-sorghum varieties and hydrothermal component of steam pelleting on digestibility coefficients of amino acids and kinetics of amino acids, nitrogen and starch digestion in diets for broiler chickens. Animal Feed Science and Technology, In press.Google Scholar
Liu, S.Y., Selle, P.H. and Cowieson, A.J. (2013b) Influence of conditioning temperatures on amino acid digestibility at four small intestinal sites and their dynamics with starch and nitrogen digestion in sorghum-based broiler diets. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 185: 85–93.Google Scholar
Liu, S.Y., Selle, P.H., Court, S.G. and Cowieson, A.J. (2013c) Protease supplementation of sorghum-based broiler diets enhances amino acid digestibility coefficients in four intestinal sites and accelerates their rates of digestion. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 183: 175–183.Google Scholar
Messias, R.K.G., Albino, L.F.T., Sorbara, J.O.B. and Rostagno, H.S. (2010a) Effect of a mono-component protease on true amino acid digestibility of a corn and soybean meal diet for chicks. Poultry Science, 89(1), 86.Google Scholar
Messias, R.K.G., Albino, L.F.T., Sorbara, J.O.B. and Rostagno, H.S. (2010b) Effect of a mono-component protease on true amino acid digestibility of full fat soy for broiler chickens using different methods. Poultry Science, 89(1), 209.Google Scholar
Mosenthin, R., Sauer, W.C. and Ahrens, F. (1994) Dietary pectins effect on ileal and fecal amino acid digestibility and exocrine pancreatic secretions in growing pigs. Journal of Nutrition, 124: 1222–1229.Google Scholar
Pinheiro, J., Bates, D., DebRoy, S., Sarkar, D. and R Development Core Team (2012) In: nlme: Linear and Nonlinear Mixed Models. R Package Version 3.1–105.Google Scholar
R Core Team (2012) In: R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria.Google Scholar
Ravindran, V., Hew, L.I., Ravindran, G. and Bryden, W.L. (2005) Apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids in dietary ingredients for broiler chickens. Animal Science, 81: 85–97.Google Scholar
Rooke, J.A., Slessor, M., Fraser, H. and Thomson, J.R. (1998) Growth performance and gut function of piglets weaned at four weeks of age and fed protease-treated soya-bean meal. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 70: 175–190.Google Scholar
Selle, P.H. and Ravindran, V. (2007) Microbial phytase in poultry nutrition. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 135: 1–41.Google Scholar
Selle, P.H., Ravindran, V., Ravindran, G. and Bryden, W.L. (2007) Effects of dietary lysine and microbial phytase on growth performance and nutrient utilization of broiler chickens. Asian-Australian Journal of Animal Science, 20: 1100–1107.Google Scholar
Simbaya, J., Slominski, B.A., Guenter, W., Morgan, A. and Campbell, L.D. (1996) The effects of protease and carbohydrase supplementation on the nutritive value of canola meal for poultry: In vitro and in vivo studies. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 61: 219–234.Google Scholar
Ten Doeschate, R.A.H.M., Scheele, C.W., Schreurs, V.V.A.M. and Van Der Klis, J.D. (1993) Digestibility studies in broiler chickens: influence of genotype, age, sex and method of determination. British Poultry Science, 34: 131–146.Google Scholar
Vieira, S.L., Freitas, D.M., Pena, J.E.M., Barros, R., Xavier, P.S., Vian, A.C. and Sorbara, J.O.B. (2009) Performance and amino acid utilization by broilers supplemented with a novel exogenous protease. Poultry Science, 88(1): 37.Google Scholar
Wallis, I.R. and Balnave, D. (1984) The influence of environmental temperature, age and sex on the digestibility of amino acids in growing broiler chickens. British Poultry Science, 25: 401–407.Google Scholar
Wilkinson, S.J., Selle, P.H., Bedford, M.R. and Cowieson, A.J. (2013) Separate feeding of calcium improves performance and ileal nutrient digestibility in broiler chicks. Animal Production Science, doi.10.1071/AN12432.Google Scholar
Xu, R. (2003) Measuring explained variation in linear mixed effects models. Statistics in Medicine, doi.10.1002/sim.1572.Google Scholar