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Inherited and environmental influences on a childhood co-occurring symptom phenotype: Evidence from an adoption study

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 April 2015

Leslie E. Roos ,
Philip A. Fisher ,
Daniel S. Shaw ,
Hyoun K. Kim ,
Jenae M. Neiderhiser ,
David Reiss ,
Misake N. Natsuaki  and
Leslie D. Leve
Leslie E. Roos*
Affiliation:
University of Oregon
Philip A. Fisher
Affiliation:
University of Oregon
Daniel S. Shaw
Affiliation:
University of Pittsburgh
Hyoun K. Kim
Affiliation:
Oregon Social Learning Center
Jenae M. Neiderhiser
Affiliation:
Pennsylvania State University
David Reiss
Affiliation:
Yale University
Misake N. Natsuaki
Affiliation:
University of California Riverside
Leslie D. Leve
Affiliation:
University of Oregon
*
Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Leslie E. Roos, Department of Psychology, 416 LISB, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403; E-mail: lroos@uoregon.edu.
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Abstract

Risk factors for the childhood development of co-occurring internalizing and externalizing symptoms are not well understood, despite a high prevalence and poor clinical outcomes associated with this co-occurring phenotype. We examined inherited and environmental risk factors for co-occurring symptoms in a sample of children adopted at birth and their birth mothers and adoptive mothers (N = 293). Inherited risk factors (i.e., birth mothers' processing speed and internalizing symptoms) and environmental risk factors (i.e., adoptive mothers' processing speed, internalizing symptoms, and uninvolved parenting) were examined as predictors for the development of internalizing-only, externalizing-only, or co-occurring symptoms using structural equation modeling. Results suggested a unique pattern of predictive factors for the co-occurring phenotype, with risk conferred by adoptive mothers' uninvolved parenting, birth mothers' slower processing speed, and the birth mothers' slower processing speed in tandem with adoptive mothers' higher internalizing symptoms. Additional analyses indicated that when co-occurring-symptom children were incorporated into internalizing and externalizing symptom groups, differential risk factors for externalizing and internalizing symptoms emerged. The findings suggest that spurious results may be found when children with co-occurring symptoms are not examined as a unique phenotypic group.

Type
Regular Articles
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 28 , Issue 1 , February 2016 , pp. 111 - 125
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2015 

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