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Comparative Analysis of 2,4-D Uptake, Translocation, and Metabolism in Non–AAD-1 Transformed and 2,4-D–Resistant Corn

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 July 2017

Joshua J. Skelton ,
David M. Simpson ,
Mark A. Peterson  and
Dean E. Riechers
Joshua J. Skelton
Affiliation:
Graduate Student and Professor, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801
David M. Simpson
Affiliation:
Dow AgroSciences, Indianapolis, IN 46268
Mark A. Peterson
Affiliation:
Dow AgroSciences, Indianapolis, IN 46268
Dean E. Riechers*
Affiliation:
Graduate Student and Professor, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801
*
* Corresponding author’s E-mail: riechers@illinois.edu
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Abstract

The Enlist™ traits provide 2,4-D resistance in several crops. Though corn is naturally tolerant to 2,4-D, the engineered trait conferred by the aryloxyalkanoate dioxygenase-1 (AAD-1) enzyme provides enhanced 2,4-D tolerance and confers resistance to the graminicide herbicide family, the aryloxyphenoxypropionates. The objectives of this research were 2-fold: (1) measure and compare uptake, translocation, and metabolism of 2,4-D in Enlist™ (E, +AAD1) and non–AAD-1 transformed (NT, −AAD1) isogenic corn hybrids; and (2) and investigate the effect of glyphosate and/or the Enlist™ adjuvant system (ADJ) on these factors and corn injury. Uptake of radiolabeled 2,4-D acid applied alone in corn was not altered by the addition of ADJ when tank mixed at 24 h after application (HAA). By contrast, uptake of radiolabeled 2,4-D was significantly lower (69%) compared with 2,4-D plus ADJ (89%) at 24 HAA with a premixed formulation of 2,4-D choline plus glyphosate-dimethylamine (Enlist Duo™ herbicide [EDH]). Translocation of 2,4-D between the two corn hybrids was not different. E corn metabolized more 2,4-D (100% of absorbed) than NT corn (84%), and glyphosate did not alter 2,4-D metabolism. Furthermore, the metabolism of 2,4-D to nonphytotoxic dichlorophenol (DCP) and subsequent DCP-derived metabolites formed in E corn was examined. Injury to E corn is not typically observed in the field; however, injury symptoms were clearly evident in E corn (within 24 HAA) when formulated acetochlor was tank mixed with EDH, which correlated with an increase in 2,4-D uptake during this time period. In summary, the lack of injury in E corn following EDH applied alone may be attributed to a relatively low amount of 2,4-D uptake and the combination of natural and engineered 2,4-D metabolic pathways.

Keywords

2,4-DacetochlorEnlist Duo™ herbicideglyphosatecorn, Zea mays L.Crop injurydetoxificationEnlist Weed Control System™herbicide absorptionsynthetic auxins
Type
Physiology/Chemistry/Biochemistry
Information
Weed Science , Volume 65 , Issue 5 , September 2017 , pp. 567 - 578
Copyright
© Weed Science Society of America, 2017 

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Footnotes

Associate Editor for this paper: Franck E. Dayan, Colorado State University.

References

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