Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-c4f8m Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-20T02:24:15.886Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The effects of acute and chronic protein depletion and accretion on plasma concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-1, fibronectin and total protein for ruminants nourished by intragastric infusion of nutrients

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

S. M. Liu ,
N. A. Macleod ,
Q. J. Luo ,
X. B. Chen ,
D. J. Kyle ,
P. Nicol ,
C. G. Harbron  and
E. R. Ørskov
S. M. Liu
Affiliation:
Rowett Research Institute, Greenburn Road, Bucksburn, Aberdeen AB21 9SB
N. A. Macleod
Affiliation:
Rowett Research Institute, Greenburn Road, Bucksburn, Aberdeen AB21 9SB
Q. J. Luo
Affiliation:
Rowett Research Institute, Greenburn Road, Bucksburn, Aberdeen AB21 9SB
X. B. Chen
Affiliation:
Rowett Research Institute, Greenburn Road, Bucksburn, Aberdeen AB21 9SB
D. J. Kyle
Affiliation:
Rowett Research Institute, Greenburn Road, Bucksburn, Aberdeen AB21 9SB
P. Nicol
Affiliation:
Rowett Research Institute, Greenburn Road, Bucksburn, Aberdeen AB21 9SB
C. G. Harbron
Affiliation:
Rowett Research Institute, Greenburn Road, Bucksburn, Aberdeen AB21 9SB
E. R. Ørskov
Affiliation:
Rowett Research Institute, Greenburn Road, Bucksburn, Aberdeen AB21 9SB
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The relationships of N input or protein status and the concentrations of serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), plasma fibronectin (FN) and total protein (TP) were examined in three experiments with steers and sheep nourished by intragastric infusion of nutrients. In Expt 1, three steers (340 kg live weight) were infused with three levels of volatile fatty acids (0, 300 and 600 kJ/kg metabolic weight (W0.75) per d) and six levels of casein (0, 200, 400, 650, 1500 and 2500 mg N/kg W0.75 per d). Each N treatment was imposed for 5 d. In Expts 2 and 3, five groups of sheep (about 35 kg live weight) were infused with casein at 500 mg N/kg W0.75 per d for 2 weeks followed by 1500, 500 or 50 mg N/kg W0.75 per d in Expt 2, and in Expt 3, with 100 mg N/kg W0.75 per d for 6 weeks or 10 mg N/kg W0.75 per d for 4 weeks. Non-protein energy was maintained constant at 500 kJ/kg W0.75 per d throughout. Daily N balance and total body N content at the end were measured, and protein status was defined as a percentage of cumulative N accretion or depletion in relation to the total body N content at maintenance. It was found that IGF-1 and FN responded rapidly and substantially to altered N input, and that when daily N input was maintained constantly at sub-maintenance, their continuous declines were related closely to progressive protein depletion in the sheep. Plasma TP concentration was independent of N input when N input was altered acutely in the steers, but declined significantly and gradually with severe, chronic body protein depletion in the sheep. Plasma content of TP in the sheep however reduced acutely with a reduction in N input. Plasma volume fell substantially over the first 2 weeks of protein depletion, compensating for the declines in TP content and maintaining TP concentration plateau. The possible implications of the changes in TP concentration and content (concentration x volume) to body protein loss in sheep are discussed.

Keywords

IGF-1FibronectinProtein statusRuminants
Type
Animal Nutrition
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 78 , Issue 3 , September 1997 , pp. 411 - 426
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1997

References

REFERENCES

Agricultural Research Council (1980) The Nutrient Requirements of Ruminant Livestock, pp. 39–40, 49, 129. Slough: Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux.Google Scholar
Baxter, R. C. (1986) The somatomedins: insulin-like growth factors. Advances in Clinical Chemistry 25, 49–115.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Breier, B. H., Bass, J. J., Butler, J. H. & Gluckman, P. D. (1986) The somatotrophic axis in young steers: influence of nutritional status on pulsatile release of growth hormone and circulating concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-1. Journal of Endocrinology 111, 209–215.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bruce, L. A., Atkinson, T., Hutchinson, J. S., Shakespear, R. A. & MacRae, J. C. (1991) The measurement of insulin-like growth factor-1 in sheep plasma, Journal of Endocrinology 128, R1–R4.Google Scholar
Buonpane, E. A., Brown, R. O., Boucher, B. A., Fabian, T. C. & Luther, W. L. (1989) Use of fibronectin and somatomedin-C as nutritional markers in the enteral nutrition support of traumatized patients. Critical Care Medicine 17, 126–132.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carraro, F., Rosenblatt, J. & Wolfe, R. R. (1991) Isotopic determination of fibronectin synthesis in humans. Metabolism 40, 553–561.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chadwick, S. J., Sim, A. J. & Dudley, H. A. (1986) Changes in plasma fibronectin during acute nutritional deprivation in healthy human subjects. British Journal of Nutrition 55, 7–12.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Clemmons, D. R. & Underwood, L. E. (1991) Nutrition regulation of IGF-1 and IGF binding proteins. Annual Review of Nutrition 11, 393–412.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Coward, W. A., Whitehead, R. G. & Lunn, P. G. (1977) Reasons why hypoalbuminaemia may or may not appear in protein-energy malnutrition. British Journal of Nutrition 38, 115–126.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davidson, J., Mathieson, J. & Boyne, A. W. (1970) The use of automation in determination of nitrogen by the Kjeldahl method, with final calculation by computer. Analyst 95, 181–193.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ellis, K. J. (1992). Measurement of whole-body protein content in vivo. In Modern Methods in Protein Nutrition and Metabolism, pp. 195–223 [S., Nissen, editor]. San Diego: Academic Press, Inc.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elsasser, T. H., Rumsey, T. S. & Hammond, A. C. (1989) Influence of diet on basal growth hormone-stimulated plasma concentrations of IGF-1 in beef cattle. Journal of Animal Science 67, 128–141.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Foldager, N. & Blomqvist, C. G. (1991) Repeated plasma volume determination with the Evans Blue dye dilution technique: the method and a computer program. Computer Biological Medicine 21, 35–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garlick, P. J. (1980). Protein turnover in the whole animal and specific tissues. In Comprehensive Biochemistry – Protein Metabolism, Vol. 19B, pp. 77–154 [Garlick, P. J., Millward, D. J., editors]. Amsterdam: Elsevier.Google Scholar
Gibson, R. S. (1990). Assessment of protein status. In Principles of Nutritional Assessment, pp. 307–348 [Gibson, R. S., editor]. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Gornall, A. G., Bardawill, C. J. & David, M. M. (1949) Determination of serum proteins by means of the biuret reagent. Journal of Biological Chemistry 177, 751–766.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hua, K. M., Ord, R., Li, Q. J., Hodgkinson, S. C., Spencer, G. S. G., Molan, P. C. & Bass, J. J. (1993) Regulation of plasma and tissue levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 by nutrition and treatment with growth hormone in sheep. Journal of Endocrinology 136, 217–224.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kirby, D. F., Marder, R. J., Craig, R. M., Eskildsen, R. & Middaugh, P. (1985) The clinical evaluation of plasma fibronectin as a marker for nutritional depletion and repletion and as a measure of nitrogen balance. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition 9, 705–708.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kirsch, R., Firth, L., Black, E. & Hoffenberg, R. (1968) Regulation of albumin synthesis and catabolism by alteration of dietary protein. Nature 217, 578–579.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kriel, G. V., Bryant, M. J. & Lomax, M. A. (1992) Effect of dietary protein intake and intravenous glucose infusion on plasma concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-1 in lambs. Journal of Endocrinology 132, 915–919.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lawes Agricultural Trust (1993) Genstat™ 5, Release 3 Reference Manual. Oxford: Oxford Science Publications, Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Liu, S. M., Lobley, G. E., MacLeod, N. A., Kyle, D. J., Chen, X. B. & Ørskov, E. R. (1995) Effects of long-term protein excess or deficiency on whole-body protein turnover in sheep nourished by intragastric infusion of nutrients. British Journal of Nutrition 73, 829–839.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lobley, G. E. (1993). Protein metabolism and turnover. In Quantitative Aspects of Ruminant Digestion and Metabolism, pp. 313–339 [Forbes, M. J., France, J., editors]. Wallingford: CAB International.Google Scholar
Lobley, G. E., Connell, A., Lomax, M. A., Brown, D. S., Milne, E., Calder, A. G. & Farningham, D. A. H. (1995) Hepatic detoxification of ammonia in the ovine liver: possible consequences for amino acid catabolism. British Journal of Nutrition 73, 667–685.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lobley, G. E., Connell, A., Milne, E., Newman, A. & Ewing, T. A. (1994) Protein synthesis in splanchnic tissues of sheep offered two levels of intake. British Journal of Nutrition 71, 3–12.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lobley, G. E., Harris, P. M., Skene, P. A., Brown, D., Milne, E., Calder, A. G., Anderson, S. E., Garlick, P. J., Nevison, I. & Connell, A. (1992) Responses in tissue synthesis to sub- and supra-maintenance intake in young growing sheep: comparison of large-dose and continuous-infusion techniques. British Journal of Nutrition 68, 373–388.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
MacLeod, N. A., Corrigall, W., Stirton, R. A. & Ørskov, E. R. (1982) Intragastric infusion of nutrients in cattle. British Journal of Nutrition 47, 547–552.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McNurlan, M. A., Tomkins, A. M. & Garlick, P. J. (1979) The effect of starvation on the rate of protein synthesis in rat liver and small intestine. Biochemical Journal 178, 373–379.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
MacRae, J. C., Bruce, L. A., Hovell, F. D. DeB., Hart, I. C., Inkster, J., Walker, A. & Atkinson, T. (1991) Influence of protein nutrition on the response of growing lambs to exogenous bovine growth hormone. Journal of Endocrinology 130, 53–61.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
MacRae, J. C., Inkster, J., Bruce, L. A., Hovell, F. D. DeB. & Atkinson, T. (1990) Interaction between protein supply and the effect of growth hormone administration on plasma insulin-like growth factor-1 concentrations in infusion-maintained lambs. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 49, 155A.Google Scholar
Ørskov, E. R. & MacLeod, N. A. (1982) The determination of the minimal nitrogen excretion in steers and dairy cows and its physiological and practical implications. British Journal of Nutrition 47, 625–636.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pussell, B. A., Peake, P. W., Brown, M. A. & Charlesworth, J. A. (1985) Human fibronectin metabolism. Journal of Clinical Investigation 76, 143–148.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Saba, T. M. & Jaffe, E. (1980) Plasma fibronectin (opsonic glycoprotein): its synthesis by vascular endothelial cells and role in cardiopulmonary integrity after trauma as related to reticuloendothelial function. American Journal of Medicine 68, 577–594.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Scott, R. L., Sohmer, P. R. & MacDonald, M. G. (1982) The effect of starvation and repletion on plasma fibronectin in man. Journal of the American Medical Association 248, 2025–2027.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sykes, A. R. (1978). An assessment of the value of plasma urea nitrogen and albumin concentrations as monitors of the protein status of sheep. In Blood Profile in Animal Production. British Society of Animal Production Occasional Publication no. 1, pp. 143–154 [Lister, D., editor]. Milton Keynes: BSAP.Google Scholar
Tamkun, J. W. & Hynes, R. O. (1983) Plasma fibronectin is synthesized and secreted by hepatocytes. Journal of Biological Chemistry 258, 4641–4647.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Voller, A. & Bidwell, D. (1980). The Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), Vol. 1. London: Nuffield Laboratory of Comparative Medicine, Institute of Zoology.Google Scholar
Waterlow, J. C., Garlick, P. J. & Millward, D. J. (1978) Protein Turnover in Mammalian Tissues and in Whole Body, pp. 287–288. Amsterdam, New York and Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company.Google Scholar
Yoder, M. C., Anderson, D. C., Gopalakrishna, G. S., Douglas, S. D. & Polin, R. A. (1987) Comparison of serum fibronectin, prealbumin, and albumin concentrations during nutritional repletion in protein–calorie malnourished infants. Journal of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 6, 84–88.Google ScholarPubMed
Young, G. A., Zeiderman, M. R., Thompson, M. & MacMahon, M. J. (1989) Influence of preoperative intravenous nutrition upon hepatic protein synthesis and plasma proteins and amino acids. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition 13, 596–602.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Young, V. R., Marchini, J. S. & Cortielia, J. (1990) Assessment of protein nutritional status. Journal of Nutrition 120, Suppl. 11, 1496–1502.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed