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Effects of bleaching herbicides on field dodder (Cuscuta campestris)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Tsafrir Weinberg ,
Abraham Lalazar  and
Baruch Rubin
Tsafrir Weinberg
Affiliation:
Department of Field Crops, Vegetables and Genetics, Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics, Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
Abraham Lalazar
Affiliation:
Agricultural Research Organization, Institute of Field and Garden Crops, Bet-Dagan 52500, Israel
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Abstract

The effects of three postemergence herbicides that inhibit carotenoid biosynthesis were tested on field dodder. Flurochloridone, sulcotrione, and mesotrione treatments led to bleaching symptoms in field dodder stems. The effect of flurochloridone was rapid; 2 d after treatment (DAT) the stem was bleached and contained only 2% β-carotene, with a massive accumulation of phytoene in comparison with the control. However, flurochloridone treatment did not inhibit stem elongation, and full recovery of pigment composition at newly elongated stems was recorded 6 DAT. The effects of sulcotrione and mesotrione were similar, but the recovery was slower than with flurochloridone. The developing stems were fully bleached 6 DAT, with no detectable β-carotene, and subsequently no recovery was observed. All three herbicides led to mass destruction of the plastids in the parenchyma cells of the cortex and pith tissue. This disruption of the plastids was associated with depletion in starch content. Sulcotrione and mesotrione treatments reduced field dodder biomass accumulation, whereas flurochloridone delayed biomass accumulation by 6 d only. The differences in phytotoxicity between flurochloridone, sulcotrione, and mesotrione might be due to their different translocation patterns. Flurochloridone is xylem-mobile and is therefore localized at the applied area because of the low transpiration rate of field dodder. Sulcotrione and mesotrione are phloem-mobile and tend to accumulate in sinks such as the primordial tissue. The massive destruction of the amyloplasts and the rapid decline in starch content in response to all the herbicide treatments may indicate the possible involvement of carotenoids in stabilizing the amyloplast outer membrane in field dodder.

Keywords

Flurochloridonemesotrione, 2-(4-mesyl-2-nitrobenzoyl)-3-hydroxycyclohex-2-enonesulcotrione, 2-[2-chloro(4-methylsulfonyl)benzoyl]cyclohexane-1,3-dionefield dodder, Cuscuta campestris Yuncker CVCCAcarrot, Daucus carota L. ‘Tip Top’Carotenoidsβ-carotenephytoenestarchamyloplast
Type
Physiology, Chemistry, and Biochemistry
Information
Weed Science , Volume 51 , Issue 5 , October 2003 , pp. 663 - 670
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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