Hostname: page-component-7c8c6479df-ph5wq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-03-28T22:36:35.531Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Effects of nitrate adaptation by rumen inocula donors and substrate fiber proportion on in vitro nitrate disappearance, methanogenesis, and rumen fermentation acid

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 February 2013

M. Lin
Affiliation:
College of Animal Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
D. M. Schaefer
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
G. Q. Zhao
Affiliation:
College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
Q. X. Meng*
Affiliation:
College of Animal Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
*
Get access

Abstract

A study was conducted to evaluate the main effects of dietary nitrate adaptation by cattle and alfalfa cell wall to starch ratio in in vitro substrates on nitrate disappearance and nitrite and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations, as well as hydrogen (H2) and methane (CH4) accumulations. Rumen fluid from steers fed diets containing urea or nitrate was added into in vitro incubations containing sodium nitrate as the sole nitrogen source and 20 cell wall : 80 starch or 80 cell wall : 20 starch as the carbohydrate source. The results showed that during 24 h incubation, rumen fluid inoculums from steers adapted to dietary nitrate resulted in more rapid nitrate disappearance by 6 h of incubation (P < 0.01), no significant effect on nitrite concentration and diminished CH4 accumulation (P < 0.05). Cell wall to starch ratio did not affect nitrate disappearance, CH4 accumulation and total VFA concentration. The higher cell wall ratio had the lower total gas production and H2 concentration (P < 0.05). Ammonia-N (NH3-N) concentration increased because of adaptation of donors to nitrate feeding (P < 0.05). Nitrate adaptation did not alter total VFA concentration, but increased acetate, and decreased propionate and butyrate molar proportions (P < 0.01).

Type
Nutrition
Copyright
Copyright © The Animal Consortium 2013 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Allison, MJ, Reddy, CA 1984. Adaptations of gastrointestinal bacteria in response to changes in dietary oxalate and nitrate. In Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Microbial Ecology (ed. MJ Klug and CA Reddy), pp. 248–256. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC, USA.Google Scholar
Barnett, AJG, Bowman, IBR 1957. In vitro studies on the reduction of nitrate by rumen liquor. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 8, 243248.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Broderick, GA, Kang, JH 1980. Automated simultaneous determination of ammonia and amino acids in ruminal fluids and in vitro media. Journal of Dairy Science 63, 6475.Google Scholar
Broekhoven, LWV, Davies, JAR, Geurink, JH 1989. The metabolism of nitrate and proline in the rumen fluid of a cow and its effect on in vivo formation of N-nitrosamines. Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science 37, 157163.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bryant, AM, Ulyatt, MJ 1965. Effects of nitrogenous fertilizer on the chemical composition of short rotation ryegrass and its subsequent digestion by sheep. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 8, 109117.Google Scholar
Cockrum, RR, Austin, KJ, Ludden, PA, Cammack, KM 2010. Effect of subacute dietary nitrate on production traits and plasma analytes in Suffolk ewes. Animal 4, 702708.Google Scholar
Dawson, KA, Allison, MJ 1988. Digestive disorders and nutritional toxicity. In The rumen microbial ecosystem (ed. PN Hobson), pp. 445459. Elsevier Applied Science Publishing, London and New York.Google Scholar
Esdale, WJ, Broderick, GA, Satter, LD 1968. Measurement of ruminal volatile fatty acid production from alfalfa hay or corn silage rations using a continuous infusion isotope dilution technique. Journal of Dairy Science 51, 18231830.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Farra, PA 1969. Nitrate as an alternate electron acceptor in ruminal fermentation and its effect on volatile fatty acid production. M.S., University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison.Google Scholar
Fewson, CA, Nicholas, DJD 1961. Utilization of nitrate by microorganisms. Nature 190, 27.Google Scholar
Guo, WS, Schaefer, DM, Lehmkuhler, JW, Meng, QX 2009. Use of nitrate-nitrogen as a sole dietary nitrogen source to inhibit ruminal methanogenesis and to improve microbial nitrogen synthesis in vitro. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 22, 542549.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holtenius, P 1957. Nitrite poisoning in sheep, with special reference to the detoxification of nitrite in the rumen. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica 7, 113163.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hungate, RE 1966. The rumen and its microbes. Academic Press Publishing, New York, USA.Google Scholar
Iwamoto, M, Asanuma, N, Hino, T 2001. Effects of energy substrates on nitrate reduction and nitrate reductase activity in a ruminal bacterium, Selenomonas ruminantium. Anaerobe 7, 315321.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Iwamoto, M, Asanuma, N, Hino, T 2002. Ability of Selenomonas ruminantium, Veillonella parvula, and Wolinella succinogenes to reduce nitrate and nitrite with special reference to the suppression of ruminal methanogenesis. Anaerobe 8, 209215.Google Scholar
Johnson, KA, Johnson, DE 1995. Methane emissions from cattle. Journal of Animal Science 73, 24832492.Google Scholar
Kemp, A, Geurink, JH, Haalstra, RT, Malestein, A 1977. Nitrate poisoning in cattle. 2. Changes in nitrite in rumen fluid and methemoglobin formation in blood after high nitrate intake. Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science 25, 5162.Google Scholar
Lewis, D 1951a. The metabolism of nitrate and nitrite in the sheep. 1. The reduction of nitrate in the rumen of the sheep. Biochemical Journal 48, 175180.Google Scholar
Lewis, D 1951b. The metabolism of nitrate and nitrite in the sheep. 2. Hydrogen donators in nitrate reduction by rumen microorganisms in vitro. Biochemical Journal 49, 149153.Google Scholar
Menke, KH, Raab, L, Salewski, A, Steingass, H, Fritz, D, Schneider, W 1979. The estimation of the digestibility and metabolizable energy content of ruminant feedingstuffs from the gas production when they are incubated with rumen liquor in vitro. Journal of Agricultural Science 93, 217222.Google Scholar
Morgavi, DP, Forano, E, Martin, C, Newbold, CJ 2010. Microbial ecosystem and methanogenesis in ruminants. Animal 4, 10241036.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nason, A 1962. Symposium on metabolism of inorganic compounds. II. Enzymatic pathways of nitrate, nitrite and hydroxylamine metabolisms. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 26, 1641.Google Scholar
O'Hara, PJ, Fraser, AJ 1975. Nitrate poisoning in cattle grazing crops. New Zealand Veterinary Journal 23, 4553.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pfister, JA 1988. Nitrate intoxication of ruminant livestock. In The ecology and economic impact of poisonous plants on livestock production (ed. LF James, MH Ralphs and DB Nielsen), pp. 233259. Westview Press Publishing, Boulder, Colorado, USA.Google Scholar
Rezaii, F, Danesh Mesgaran, M, Heravi Mousavi, AR 2010. Effect of non-fiber carbohydrates on in vitro first order kinetics disappearance of cellulose. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research 11, 139144.Google Scholar
SAS 2008. SAS OnlineDoc® 9.1.3. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA.Google Scholar
Sinclair, KB, Jones, DIH 1964. Nitrate toxicity in sheep. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 15, 717721.Google Scholar
Van Nevel, CJ, Demeyer, DI 1996. Control of rumen methanogenesis. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 42, 7397.Google Scholar
Yoshida, J, Nakamura, Y, Nakamura, R 1982. Effect of protozoa fraction and lactate on nitrate metabolism of microorganisms in sheep rumen. Japanese Journal of Zootechnical Science 53, 677685.Google Scholar
Yoshii, T, Narito, A, Hino, T 2003. Number of nitrate- and nitrite-reducing Selenomonas ruminantium in the rumen, and possible factors affecting its growth. Animal Science Journal 74, 483491.Google Scholar
Yoshii, T, Narito, A, Hino, T 2005. Effect of ethanol on nitrate and nitrite reduction and methanogenesis in the ruminal microbiota. Animal Science Journal 76, 3742.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhou, ZM, Meng, QX, Yu, ZT 2011. Effects of methanogenic inhibitors on methane production and abundances of methanogens and cellulolytic bacteria in in vitro ruminal cultures. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77, 26342639.Google Scholar