Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-cb9f654ff-k7rjm Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-08-05T00:13:47.534Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

8 - Facing the Concentrated Burden of Development

Local Reponses to Myanmar’s Special Economic Zones

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 October 2017

By
Lauren Nishimura
Edited by
Melissa Crouch
Melissa Crouch
Affiliation:
University of New South Wales, Sydney
Get access

Summary

A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'

Information

Type
Chapter
Information
The Business of Transition
Law Reform, Development and Economics in Myanmar
 , pp. 176 - 197
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2017

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Book purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

References

Asian Correspondent. 2015. ‘Kyaukphyu: History to Repeat Itself in Burma’s Newest Special Economic Zone?’ 20 April. Available at asiancorrespondent.com/132248/kyaukphyu-history-to-repeat-itself-in-burmas-newest-special-economic-zone.Google Scholar
Business & Human Rights Resource Centre. ‘Myanmar Pongpipat lawsuit (re environmental & health impact of Heinda tin mine)’. Available at http://business-humanrights.org/en/myanmar-pongpipat-lawsuit-re-environmental-health-impact-of-heinda-tin-mine-0 (accessed 3 April 2016).Google Scholar
Carothers, Thomas and de Gramont, Diane. 2013. Development Aid Confronts Politics: The Almost Revolution. Washington DC: Carnegie Endowment for Int’l Peace.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carter, Connie. 2015. ‘Winners and Losers: Land Grabbing in the New Myanmar’ in Harding, Andrew and Carter, Connie (eds), Land Grabs in Asia: What Role for the Law? New York: Routledge, pp. 100–116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cheesman, Nick. 2015. Opposing the Rule of Law: How Myanmar’s Courts Make Law and Order. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cheesman, Nick and San, Kyaw Min. 2014. ‘Not Just Defending; Advocating for Law in Myanmar’. 31(3) Wisconsin International Law Journal 702–733.Google Scholar
Crouch, Melissa. 2013. ‘Asian Legal Transplants and Rule of Law Reform: National Human Rights Commission in Myanmar and Indonesia’. 5(2) Hague Journal on the Rule of Law 146–177.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dale, John G. 2011. Free Burma: Transnational Legal Action and Corporate Accountability. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dawei Development Association (DDA) and Southern Society Development Network (SSDN). 2012. ‘Local Peoples’ Understandings of the Dawei Economic Zone. Available at http://www.terraper.org/web/sites/default/files/key-issues-content/1348571885_en.pdf.Google Scholar
Dawei Development Association (DDA). 2013. Letter to National Human Rights Commission of Thailand, ‘Re: Concerns on Violation of Human Rights and Community Rights Related to Dawei Deep Sea Port and Special Economic Zone Project’. 5 March. Available at http://www.inebnetwork.org/attachments/files/DDA_Letter_NHRC_05March2013.pdf.Google Scholar
Dawei Development Association (DDA). 2014. ‘Voices from the Ground: Concerns Over the Dawei Special Economic Zone and Related Projects’. Available at http://www.ddamyanmar.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Voice-from-the-Ground-Engonline-1.pdf.Google Scholar
Dawei Development Association (DDA). 2015. ‘Dawei SEZ Monitoring Team Report’ (on file with author).Google Scholar
EarthRights International (ERI). 2014a. ‘A Briefer on the Thilawa Special Economic Zone: Analysis of the Affected Communities’ Rights and Remedies Under Myanmar Law and JICA’s Guidelines’. Available at https://www.earthrights.org/sites/default/files/thilawa_briefer_-_earthrights_international_0.pdf.Google Scholar
EarthRights International (ERI). 2014b. ‘Analysis of the Environmental Impact Assessment for Phase I of the Thilawa Special Economic Zone Project’. Available at http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs21/ERI-2014-11-analysis_of_Thilawa_EIA-Phase_1-en-red.pdf.Google Scholar
Examiner for the JICA guidelines and for environmental and social considerations. 2014. ‘Investigative Report: Thilawa Special Economic Zone Development Project in The Republic of the Union of Myanmar’. Available at http://www.jica.go.jp/english/our_work/social_environmental/objection/c8h0vm00008zvp4f-att/report.pdf.Google Scholar
Goodale, Mark and Merry, Sally Engle (eds). 2007. The Practice of Human Rights: Tracking Law between the Global and the Local. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harding, Andrew. 2014. ‘Law and Development in Its Burmese Moment: Legal Reform in an Emerging Democracy’ in Crouch, Melissa and Lindsey, Tim (eds), Law, Society and Transition in Myanmar. Oxford: Hart Publishing, pp. 377–400.Google Scholar
Human Rights Watch. 2013. ‘Re: Making Human Rights a Cornerstone of the Japan-ASEAN Summit’. 11 December. Available at www.hrw.org/print/news/2013/12/11/letter-prime-minister-abe-making-human-rights-cornerstone-japan-asean-summit.Google Scholar
International Commission of Jurists (ICJ). 2014. ‘MYANMAR: Country Profile Prepared by the ICJ Centre for the Independence of Judges and Lawyers’. Available at http://icj.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/CIJL-Country-Profile-Myanmar-June-2014.pdf.Google Scholar
Kälin, Walter. 2008. ‘Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement – Annotations’. 38 Studies in Transnational Legal Policy. The American Society of International Law.Google Scholar
Keck, Margaret E. and Sikkink, Kathryn. 1998. Activists beyond Borders: Advocacy Networks in International Politics. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Khagram, Sanjeev. 2004. Dams and Development: Transnational Struggles for Water and Power. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gyi, Ko Ko. 2014. ‘EIA on Thilawa SEZ Second Phase Faces Delay, Company Says’. 25 September. Mizzima. Available at http://archive-3.mizzima.com/mizzima-news/myanmar/item/13108-eia-on-thilawa-sez-second-phase-faces-delay-company-says/13108-eia-on-thilawa-sez-second-phase-faces-delay-company-says.Google Scholar
Mekong Watch. 2014a. ‘JICA Continues to Ignore People Affected by Thilawa Special Economic Zone (SEZ) in Burma (Myanmar); Mekong Watch Appalled by JICA Decision to Provide Investment Financing for SEZ and Calls for Improved Relocation and Compensation Measures to Prevent Deterioration of Villagers’ Living Conditions’. Available at https://mekongwatch.files.wordpress.com/2014/04/20140425_statement_thilawa_mw_final-2.pdf.Google Scholar
Mekong Watch. 2014b, ‘Recommendation Letter Regarding the Process Related to Environment Impact Assessment for “the Thilawa SEZ Development Project” in Burma (Myanmar)’. Available at https://mekongwatch.files.wordpress.com/2014/08/20140722_jica-response-to-mw-0701-sea-letter_english.pdf.Google Scholar
Mekong Watch. 2015. ‘Mekong Watch Comments on JICA Examiner’s Report on Thilawa SEZ’. Available at https://mekongwatch.wordpress.com/2015/03/13/mekong-watch-comments-on-jica-examiners-report-on-thilawa-sez/.Google Scholar
Memorandum on the Cooperation for the Development of the Thilawa SEZ, between JICA and Myanmar SEZ Management Committee. 21 December 2012. Available at http://www.meti.go.jp/press/2012/12/20121227003/20121227003-2.pdf.Google Scholar
National Human Rights Commission of Thailand (NHRC), Community Rights Subcommittee. 2014. ‘Re: Urging to Comply with Human Rights Principles’ (on file with author). November.Google Scholar
Paung Ku and Transnational Institute (TNI). 2012. ‘Land Grabbing in Dawei (Myanmar/Burma): A (Inter)National Human Rights Concern’. Available at https://www.tni.org/files/download/dawei_land_grab.pdf.Google Scholar
Physicians for Human Rights (PHR). 2014. ‘A Foreseeable Disaster in Burma: Forced Displacement in the Thilawa Special Economic Zone’. Available at https://s3.amazonaws.com/PHR_Reports/Burma-Thilawa-English-Report-Nov2014.pdf.Google Scholar
Prasse-Freeman, Elliott. 2014. ‘Conceptions of Justice vs. the Rule of Law’ in Steinberg, David (ed.), Myanmar: The Dynamics of an Evolving Polity. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, Inc., pp. 89–114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Requesters. 2014a. ‘Objection Regarding the Thilawa Special Economic Zone Development Project in Myanmar’. 2 June. Available at http://www.jica.go.jp/english/our_work/social_environmental/objection/c8h0vm00008zvp4f-att/objection_status_01.pdf.Google Scholar
Requesters. 2014b. ‘Opinions on the Examiners’ Report Regarding the Thilawa Special Economic Zone Development Project in Myanmar’. 3 December. Available at https://mekongwatch.files.wordpress.com/2015/03/20141203_requesters-opinions-on-jica-examiners-thilawa_webe68eb2e8bc89e794a8.pdf.Google Scholar
Risse, Thomas, Ropp, Stephen C. and Sikkink, Kathryn (eds). 1999. The Power of Human Rights: International Norms and Domestic Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Risse, Thomas, Ropp, Stephen C. and Sikkink, Kathryn 2013. The Persistent Power of Human Rights: From Commitment to Compliance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Snaing, Yen. 2014. ‘Relocated Thilawa SEZ Villagers Persist in Calls for JICA Meeting’. 9 April. The Irrawaddy. Available at www.irrawaddy.org/burma/relocated-thilawa-sez-villagers-persist-calls-jica-meeting.html.Google Scholar
Statement by thirty civil society networks and organisations. 2012. ‘Government Must Review Its Plan to Engage with Dawei Project: Stop Patronizing Dawei Project, Stop Public Debt Hikes’. Available at http://www.terraper.org/web/sites/default/files/key-issues-content/1348570623_en.pdf.Google Scholar
Tavoyan Women’s Union. 2014. ‘Our Lives Not for Sale: Tavoyan Women Speak out against the Dawei Special Economic Zone Project’. Available at http://womenofburma.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Our-Lives-Not-for-Sale_English.pdf.Google Scholar
Thilawa Social Development Group (TSDG). 2014. ‘Japanese Agency Fails to Meet Villagers over Serious Problems with Thilawa Special Economic Zone’. Available at https://mekongwatch.wordpress.com/2014/04/29/thilawa-villagers-hold-press-conference-dismayed-by-jicas-failure-to-respond/.Google Scholar
Towards Ecological Recovery and Regional Alliance (TERRA). 2012. ‘Dawei: Points of Concerns’. Ecological Alert and Recovery, Health Public Policy. Available at http://www.terraper.org/web/sites/default/files/key-issues-content/1348571066_en.pdf.Google Scholar
Towards Ecological Recovery and Regional Alliance (TERRA). 2014. ‘Dawei Deep Seaport and Special Economic Zone – Chronology of Key Events (from 2008–2013)’. Available at www.burmapartnership.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Dawei_Chronology_KeyEvents2008-2013_Jan2014.pdf.Google Scholar
Turnell, Sean. 2014. ‘Legislative Foundations of Myanmar’s Economic Reforms’ in Crouch, Melissa and Lindsey, Tim (eds), Law, Society and Transition in Myanmar. Oxford: Hart Publishing, pp. 183–200.Google Scholar

Regional and International Documents

Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). 2012. ASEAN Human Rights Declaration (AHRD). 18 November.Google Scholar
Committee on the Rights of the Child. 2003. ‘General Comment No 5, General Measures of Implementation of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (arts 4, 42 and 44, para 6)’. UN Doc CRC/GC/2003/5.Google Scholar
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW). 1979. 1249 UNTS 13. 18 December.Google Scholar
Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC). 1989. 1577 U.N.T.S. 3. 20 November.Google Scholar
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). 1966. S. Treaty Doc No. 95-20, 6 ILM 368 (1967), 999 UNTS 171. 16 December.Google Scholar
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR). 1966. S Treaty Doc No. 95-19, 6 ILM 360 (1967), 993 UNTS 3. 16 December.Google Scholar
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. 2007. ‘Basic Principles and Guidelines on Development-Based Evictions and Displacement, Annex 1 of the Report of the Special Rapporteur on Adequate Housing as a Component of the Right to an Adequate Standard of Living’. A/HRC/4/18. Available at http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/Housing/Guidelines_en.pdf.Google Scholar
Rio Declaration on Environment and Development. 1992. UN Doc. A/CONF.151/26 (vol I); 31 ILM 874.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (CESCR). 1997. ‘General Comment No 7: The right to adequate housing (Art 11.1): forced evictions’. E/1998/22. 20 May.Google Scholar
Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR). 1948. GA res 217A (III), UN Doc A/810 at 71.Google Scholar

Laws and Regulations

Constitution of Myanmar – 2008.

Dawei Special Economic Zone Law No. 17/2011 (State Peace and Development Law).

Environmental Conservation Law No. 9/2012 (Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law).

Environmental Conservation Rules, Notification No. 50/2014.

Environmental Impact Assessment Procedure – 2015.

Farmland Law No. 11/2012 (Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law).

Farmland Rules, Notification No. 62/2012.

Land Acquisition Act – 1894.

Myanmar Special Economic Zone Law No. 1/2014 (Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law).

Myanmar Special Economic Zone Law No. 8/2011 (State Peace and Development Law).

Myanmar Special Economic Zone Rules, Notification No. 1/2015.

Accessibility standard: Unknown

Accessibility compliance for the PDF of this book is currently unknown and may be updated in the future.

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×