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5 - Indonesia's protected areas need more protection: suggestions from island examples

from Part I - Conservation needs and priorities

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 November 2009

By
David Bickford ,
Jatna Supriatna ,
Noviar Andayani ,
Djoko Iskandar ,
Ben J. Evans ,
Rafe M. Brown ,
Ted Townsend ,
Umilaela ,
Deidy Azhari  and
Jimmy A. McGuire
Edited by
Navjot S. Sodhi ,
Greg Acciaioli ,
Maribeth Erb  and
Alan Khee-Jin Tan
David Bickford
Affiliation:
University of Texas Austin, Texas, 78712, USA.
Jatna Supriatna
Affiliation:
Conservation International – Indonesia JI. Pejaten Barat 16 A Kemang, Jakarta 12550, Indonesia
Noviar Andayani
Affiliation:
Wildlife Covservation Society – Indonesia Program J1. Pangrango No. 8, Bogor, Indonesia
Djoko Iskandar
Affiliation:
School of life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung Labtek XI Building 10, Jalan Ganesa; Bandung 40132, Indonesia
Ben J. Evans
Affiliation:
Biology Department, McMaster University Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
Rafe M. Brown
Affiliation:
Section of Integrative Biology, University of Texas Austin, Texas, 78712, USA
Ted Townsend
Affiliation:
Section of Integrative Biology, University of Texas Austin, Texas, 78712, USA
Umilaela
Affiliation:
Institut teknologi bandung Labtek XI Building 10, Jalan Ganesa; Bandung 40132, Indonesia
Jimmy A. McGuire
Affiliation:
Museum of Vertebrate Zoology University of California, CA 94720–3020, USA
Navjot S. Sodhi
Affiliation:
National University of Singapore
Greg Acciaioli
Affiliation:
National University of Singapore
Maribeth Erb
Affiliation:
National University of Singapore
Alan Khee-Jin Tan
Affiliation:
National University of Singapore
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Summary

Introduction

Intact, biodiverse ecosystems provide invaluable life-support services, raw natural resources, and cultural necessities ranging from recreational to spiritual. Moreover, they are literally economically priceless (Costanza et al. 1997). It is widely appreciated that ‘biodiversity is good’ and that ultimately, human well-being and persistence will depend on our ability to preserve it for future generations.

Biodiverse ecosystems, however, are not evenly distributed on our planet – they are patchy and concentrated in tropical regions (Myers et al. 2000). Likewise, costs and benefits of conserving biodiversity are not evenly distributed (Balmford et al. 2003). Our ability to conserve biological diversity is constrained by global trends of exploitation, pollution and habitat loss – all increasing because of human-population growth. Unfortunately, areas of accelerating human population growth overlap many areas of highest biodiversity where resources to protect this diversity are fewest (Cincotta et al. 2000) and land-conversion pressures greatest. As human populations continue to expand, we are faced with even more pressing needs to conserve and protect diverse ecosystems.

Protected areas: theory meets reality

Protected areas are, by definition, designed to protect biological diversity from threats to its continued existence. They are the cornerstone of most biodiversity efforts because species need habitats and they might be the best way to ensure the long-term conservation of biodiversity (du Toit et al. 2004). Unfortunately, many protected areas are only ‘paper parks’ that are not only highly degraded, but also the target of continuing exploitation (Curran et al. 2004).

Type
Chapter
Information
Biodiversity and Human Livelihoods in Protected Areas
Case Studies from the Malay Archipelago
 , pp. 53 - 77
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2007

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