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4 - Japan

The importance and evolution of legal institutions at the turn of the century

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 June 2011

By
Kent Anderson  and
Trevor Ryan
Edited by
E. Ann Black  and
Gary F. Bell
Kent Anderson
Affiliation:
Australian National University
Trevor Ryan
Affiliation:
University of Canberra Faculty of Law
E. Ann Black
Affiliation:
University of Queensland
Gary F. Bell
Affiliation:
National University of Singapore
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Summary

Introduction

Japan is an archipelago of almost 4000 islands, formed by intersecting fault lines off the Asian continent. The largest are Honshu, Kyushu, Shikoku and Hokkaido. Japan's 3500-kilometre length creates great disparities in climate – from snowy Hokkaido in the north to tropical Okinawa in the south. Generally, however, Japan is a mountainous country. This fact is driven home by strong regionality and by the densely populated plains of the Kanto, Kansai and Chukyo regions of Honshu, each a centre of intense industrial and economic activity surrounding a major city – Tokyo, Osaka and Nagoya respectively. The population of Japan is about 126 million, though its size and age composition are projected to change dramatically in the coming decades through ageing and a declining birth rate.

Japan is a constitutional monarchy. Its Parliament is named the Diet and is made up of the House of Representatives and the House of Councillors, both elected directly by the people. Japan's government is composed of legislative, administrative and judicial arms. Each is independent, though the Prime Minister and the majority of the Cabinet are drawn from the Diet. Japan's political parties have seen significant realignment at the turn of the century. The centrist Democratic Party of Japan, which took power in 2009, has been the first party to substantially challenge the post-1955 status quo of a Conservative ruling party (the Liberal Democratic Party) and a socialist opposition.

Information

Type
Chapter
Information
Law and Legal Institutions of Asia
Traditions, Adaptations and Innovations
 , pp. 120 - 150
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2011

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References

Ames, W, Police and Community in Japan, University of California Press, Berkeley, 1980Google Scholar
Anderson, K and Nolan, M, ‘Lay Participation in the Japanese Justice System: A Few Preliminary Thoughts Regarding the Lay Assessor System (Saiban-in Seido) from Domestic Historical and International Psychological Perspectives’, Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, vol. 37, no. 4, 2004, p. 935Google Scholar
Anderson, K and Ryan, T, ‘Reorganization and Bankruptcy’, in McAlinn, G (ed), Japanese Business Law, Kluwer, Alphen aan den Rijn, 2007Google Scholar
Anderson, K and Ryan, T, ‘Gatekeepers: A Comparative Critique of Admission to the Legal Profession and Japan's New Law Schools’, in Steele, S and Taylor, K (eds), Legal Education in Asia, Routledge, London, 2009Google Scholar
Argument, S, ‘Delegated Legislation’, in Groves, M and Lee, H P (eds), Australian Administrative Law: Fundamentals, Principles and Doctrines, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2007Google Scholar
Chamberlain, B H, Things Japanese: Being Notes on Various Subjects Connected with Japan, for the Use of Travellers and Others, John Murray, London, 1905Google Scholar
Colignon, A and Usui, C, Amakudari: The Hidden Fabric of Japan's Economy, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, 2003Google Scholar
Dean, M, Japanese Legal System, 2nd ed, Cavendish, London, 2002Google Scholar
Dower, J W, Embracing Defeat: Japan in the Wake of World War II, Penguin Books, New York, 1999Google Scholar
Feldman, E, The Ritual of Rights in Japan, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foote, D H, ‘Confessions and the Right to Silence in Japan’, Georgia Journal of International and Comparative Law, vol. 21, no. 3, 1991, p. 415Google Scholar
Foote, D H, ‘Resolution of Traffic Accident Disputes and Judicial Activism in Japan’, Law in Japan, vol. 25, 1995, p. 19Google Scholar
Foote, D H, ‘Judicial Creation of Norms in Japanese Labor Law: Activism in the Service of – Stability?’, UCLA Law Review, vol. 43, 1996, p. 635Google Scholar
Ginsburg, T, Nottage, L and Sono, H, ‘The Worlds, Vicissitudes, and Futures of Japan's Law’, in Ginsburg, T, Nottage, L and Sono, H (eds), The Multiple Worlds of Japanese Law: Disjunctions and Conjunctions, University of Victoria, British Columbia, 2001Google Scholar
Goodman, C, The Rule of Law in Japan, Kluwer, New York, 2003
Graziadei, M, ‘Transplants and Receptions’, in Reimann, M and Zimmerman, R (eds), The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Law, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2006Google Scholar
Hahn, E J, Japanese Business Law and the Legal System, Quorum Books, Westport, Conn, 1984Google Scholar
Haley, J O, ‘The Paradox of Weak Power and Strong Authority and The Japanese State’, in Boyd, R and Ngo, T W (eds), Asian States: Beyond the Developmental Perspective, Routledge, New York, 2005Google Scholar
Haley, J O and Henderson, D F, Law and the Legal Process in Japan, University of Washington Press, Seattle, 1988Google Scholar
Hanami, T, ‘Legal Principles Regarding Reductions and Terminations of Corporate Pension Benefits’ [‘Kigyou Nenkin Kyuufu Gengaku Uchikiri no Houri’], Jurisuto, vol. 1309, 2006, p. 70Google Scholar
Hayes, D, Japan's Big Bang: The Deregulation and Revitalisation of the Japanese Economy, Tuttle, Boston, 2000Google Scholar
Hiramatsu, Y, ‘Tokugawa Law’ (Henderson, D F trans), Law in Japan: An Annual, vol. 14, 1981, p. 1Google Scholar
Ishii, R, A History of Political Institutions in Japan, University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo, 1988Google Scholar
Johnson, C, originally published in MITI and the Japanese Miracle (1982), reprinted in Milhaupt, C J, Ramseyer, J M and Young, M K (eds), Japanese Law in Context, Readings in Society, the Economy, and Politics, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass, 2001Google Scholar
Johnson, D, The Japanese Way of Justice, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2002Google Scholar
Kawashima, T, ‘Dispute Resolution in Contemporary Japan’, in Mehren, A (ed), Law in Japan: The Legal Order in a Changing Society, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass, 1963Google Scholar
Kelemen, D and Sibbitt, E, ‘The Americanization of Japanese Law’, University of Pennsylvania Journal of International Economic Law, vol. 23, no. 2, 2002, p. 269Google Scholar
Kingston, J, Japan's Quiet Transformation: Social Change and Civil Society in the Twenty-first Century, Routledge, New York, 2004Google Scholar
Kitagawa, Z, ‘Development of Comparative Law in East Asia’, in Reimann, M and Zimmerman, R (eds), The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Law, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2006Google Scholar
Lee, I, ‘The Law and Culture of the Apology in Korean Dispute Settlement (with Japan and the US in Mind)’, Michigan Journal of International Law, vol. 27, no. 1, 2005, p. 1Google Scholar
McCargo, D, Contemporary Japan, Palgrave, New York, 2000Google Scholar
McCubbins, M and Noble, G, ‘Equilibrium Behavior and the Appearance of Power: Legislators, Bureaucrats and the Budget Process in the US and Japan’, originally published in Cowhey, P and McCubbins, M (eds), Structure and Policy in Japan and the United States (1995), reprinted in Milhaupt, C J, Ramseyer, J M and Young, M K (eds), Japanese Law in Context, Readings in Society, the Economy, and Politics, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass, 2001Google Scholar
Miyazawa, S, ‘Taking Kawashima Seriously: A Review of Japanese Research on Japanese Legal Consciousness and Disputing Behavior’, Law and Society Review, vol. 21, no. 2, 1987, p. 219CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miyazawa, S, ‘Administrative Control of Japanese Judges’, originally published in Lewis, P (ed) Law and Technology in the Pacific Community (1991), reprinted in Milhaupt C J, Ramseyer, J M and Young, M K (eds), Japanese Law in Context, Readings in Society, the Economy, and Politics, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass, 2001Google Scholar
Miyazawa, S, ‘Law Reform, Lawyers, and Access to Justice’, in McAlinn, G (ed), Japanese Business Law, Kluwer, Alphen aan den Rijn, 2007Google Scholar
Nakamura, K, The Formation of Modern Japan, Centre for East Asian Cultural Studies, Tokyo, 1962Google Scholar
Nakano, T, ‘Benefit Levels of the Old Age Basic Pension and Old Age Employee's Insurance Pension: A Legal Perspective [‘Rôrei Kiso Nenkin, Rôrei Kôsei Nenkin no Kyûfu Suijun: Hôgaku no Kenchi Kara’]Jurisuto, vol. 1282, 2005, p. 69Google Scholar
Nottage, L, ‘Civil Procedure Reforms in Japan: The Latest Round’, Journal of Japanese Law/ZJapanR, vol. 9, no. 18, 2004, p. 204Google Scholar
Nottage, L, ‘Japan's New Arbitration Law: Domestication Reinforcing Internationalisation?’, International Arbitration Law Review, vol. 7, no. 2, 2004, p. 54Google Scholar
Nottage, L, Product Safety and Liability Law in Japan, Routledge, London, 2004Google Scholar
Nottage, L, Wolff, L and Anderson, K, ‘Introduction: Japan's Gradual Transformation in Corporate Governance’, in Nottage, L, Wolff, L and Anderson, K (eds), Corporate Governance in the 21st Century: Japan's Gradual Transformation, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, 2008CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oda, H, Japanese Law, 2nd ed, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1999Google Scholar
Parker, C, Scott, C, Lacey, N and Braithwaite, J (eds), Regulating Law, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2004CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Puchniak, D W, ‘The Japanization of American Corporate Governance? Evidence of the Never-ending History of Corporate Law’, Asian-Pacific Law and Policy Journal, vol. 9, no. 1, 2007, p. 7Google Scholar
Ramseyer, J M and Nakazato, M, ‘The Rational Litigant: Settlement Amounts and Verdict Rates in Japan’, Journal of Legal Studies, vol. 18, no. 2, 1989, p. 263CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rohl, W (ed), History of Law in Japan since 1868, Brill, Leiden, 2005
Schwartz, F J, Advice and Consent: The Politics of Consultation in Japan, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2001Google Scholar
Smith, P L, Japan: A Reinterpretation, Pantheon Books, New York, 1997Google Scholar
Steele, S and Taylor, K (eds), Legal Education in Asia, Routledge, London, 2009Google Scholar
Steenstrup, C, ‘New Knowledge Concerning Japan's Legal System before 1868, Acquired from Japanese Sources by Western Writers since 1963’, in Foote, D H (ed), Law in Japan: A Turning Point, University of Washington Press, Seattle, 2007Google Scholar
Sugimoto, Y, An Introduction to Japanese Society, 2nd ed, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2003Google Scholar
Takayanagi, K, ‘A Century of Innovation: The Development of Japanese Law, 1868–1961’, in Mehren, A (ed), Law in Japan: The Legal Order in a Changing Society, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass, 1963Google Scholar
Tanase, T, ‘The Empty Space of the Modern in Japanese Law Discourse’, in Nelken, D and Feest, J (eds), Adapting Legal Cultures, Hart, Oxford, 2001Google Scholar
Taylor, V L, ‘Continuing Transactions and Persistent Myths: Contracts in Contemporary Japan’, Melbourne University Law Review, vol. 19, no. 2, 1993, p. 352Google Scholar
Taylor, V L, ‘Re-regulating Japanese Transactions: The Competition Law Dimension’, in Amyx, J and Drysdale, P (eds), Japanese Governance, Routledge, London, 2003Google Scholar
Upham, F K, Law and Social Change in Postwar Japan, Harvard University Press
Vanoverbeke, D, Community and State in the Japanese Farm Village: Farm Tenancy Conciliation, 1924–1938, Leuven University Press, Leuven, 2004Google Scholar
West, M D, ‘The Resolution of Karaoke Disputes: The Calculus of Institutions and Social Capital’, Journal of Japanese Studies, vol. 28, no. 2, 2002, p. 301CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Young, M K, ‘Judicial Review of Administrative Guidance: Governmentally Encouraged Consensual Dispute Resolution in Japan’, Columbia Law Review, vol. 84, no. 4, 1984, p. 923CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Naganuma Nike Missile Site Case II, Sapporo High Court, 5 August 1976, 27 Gyousai Reishuu 1175
Naganuma Nike Missile Site Case III, Supreme Court of Japan, 9 September 1982, 36 Saihan Minshuu 1679
Supreme Court of Japan, 12 March 1948, Keishuu 2-3-191
Supreme Court of Japan, 15 October 1958, Keishuu 12-14-3305
Supreme Court of Japan, 4 April 1973, Keishuu 27-3-265
Supreme Court of Japan, 6 November 1974, Keishuu 28-9-393
Supreme Court of Japan, 30 April 1975, Minshuu 29-4-572
Supreme Court of Japan, 17 July 1985, Minshuu 39-5-1100
Supreme Court of Japan, 17 July 1995, Minshuu 49-7-1789
Act on General Rules on the Application of Laws [Hou no Tekiyou ni Kansuru Tsuusokuhou], Act No. 78 of 2006
Act Regarding Lay Assessor Participation in Criminal Trials [Saiban'in no Sanka Suru Keiji Saiban ni Kan Suru Horitsu], Act No. 63 of 2004
Administrative Procedure Act [Gyousei Tetsuzuki Hou], Act No. 88 of 1993
Child Welfare Act [Jidou Fukushi Hou], Act. No. 164 of 1947
Civil Code [Minpou], Act No. 89 of 1896
Code of Criminal Procedure [Keiji Soshou Hou], Act No. 131 of 1948
Commercial Code [Shouhou], Act No. 48 of 1899
Constitution of Japan [Nihonkoku Kenpô], 1946
Financial System Reform Act [Kinyuu Shisutemu Kaikaku no Tame no Kankei Houritsu no Seibi Tou ni Kan Suru Houritsu], Act No. 107 of 1998
Home Appliance Recycling Act [Tokutei Kateiyokiki Saishohinkaho], Act No. 97 of 1998
Hot Springs Act [Onsenhou], Act No. 125 of 1948
Personal Status Litigation Act [Jinji Soshou Hou], Act No. 109 of 2003
Foote, D H, ‘Justice System Reform in Japan’, <http://www.reds.msh-paris.fr/communication/docs/foote.pdf>
House of Representatives <http://www.shugiin.go.jp/index.nsf/html/index_e.htm>
Japan Commercial Arbitration Association <http://www.jcaa.or.jp/e/index.html>
Japan Federation of Bar Associations <http://www.nichibenren.or.jp/en/>
Justice System Reform Council, Recommendations of the Justice System Reform Council: For a Justice System to Support Japan in the 21st Century (2001) <http://www.kantei.go.jp/foreign/policy/sihou/singikai/990612_e.html>
Ministry of Justice <http://www.moj.go.jp/ENGLISH/index.html>
Ministry of Justice, Office of Public Prosecutors <http://www.kensatsu.go.jp>
National Institute of Population and Social Security Research, Population Projections for Japan: 2001–2050 (January 2002) <http://www.ipss.go.jp/pp-newest/e/ppfj02/ppfj02.pdf>
Provisional Promotion of Administrative Reform Deliberative Council, On Relations between Central and Local Government [Kuni to Chihou no Kankei Tou ni Kan Suru Toushin] (1989) <http://www.bunken.nga.gr.jp/siryousitu/hojyokin/gyokakushin1.pdf>
Supreme Court <http://www.courts.go.jp/english/>
Ames, W, Police and Community in Japan, University of California Press, Berkeley, 1980Google Scholar
Anderson, K and Nolan, M, ‘Lay Participation in the Japanese Justice System: A Few Preliminary Thoughts Regarding the Lay Assessor System (Saiban-in Seido) from Domestic Historical and International Psychological Perspectives’, Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, vol. 37, no. 4, 2004, p. 935Google Scholar
Anderson, K and Ryan, T, ‘Reorganization and Bankruptcy’, in McAlinn, G (ed), Japanese Business Law, Kluwer, Alphen aan den Rijn, 2007Google Scholar
Anderson, K and Ryan, T, ‘Gatekeepers: A Comparative Critique of Admission to the Legal Profession and Japan's New Law Schools’, in Steele, S and Taylor, K (eds), Legal Education in Asia, Routledge, London, 2009Google Scholar
Argument, S, ‘Delegated Legislation’, in Groves, M and Lee, H P (eds), Australian Administrative Law: Fundamentals, Principles and Doctrines, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2007Google Scholar
Chamberlain, B H, Things Japanese: Being Notes on Various Subjects Connected with Japan, for the Use of Travellers and Others, John Murray, London, 1905Google Scholar
Colignon, A and Usui, C, Amakudari: The Hidden Fabric of Japan's Economy, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, 2003Google Scholar
Dean, M, Japanese Legal System, 2nd ed, Cavendish, London, 2002Google Scholar
Dower, J W, Embracing Defeat: Japan in the Wake of World War II, Penguin Books, New York, 1999Google Scholar
Feldman, E, The Ritual of Rights in Japan, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foote, D H, ‘Confessions and the Right to Silence in Japan’, Georgia Journal of International and Comparative Law, vol. 21, no. 3, 1991, p. 415Google Scholar
Foote, D H, ‘Resolution of Traffic Accident Disputes and Judicial Activism in Japan’, Law in Japan, vol. 25, 1995, p. 19Google Scholar
Foote, D H, ‘Judicial Creation of Norms in Japanese Labor Law: Activism in the Service of – Stability?’, UCLA Law Review, vol. 43, 1996, p. 635Google Scholar
Ginsburg, T, Nottage, L and Sono, H, ‘The Worlds, Vicissitudes, and Futures of Japan's Law’, in Ginsburg, T, Nottage, L and Sono, H (eds), The Multiple Worlds of Japanese Law: Disjunctions and Conjunctions, University of Victoria, British Columbia, 2001Google Scholar
Goodman, C, The Rule of Law in Japan, Kluwer, New York, 2003
Graziadei, M, ‘Transplants and Receptions’, in Reimann, M and Zimmerman, R (eds), The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Law, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2006Google Scholar
Hahn, E J, Japanese Business Law and the Legal System, Quorum Books, Westport, Conn, 1984Google Scholar
Haley, J O, ‘The Paradox of Weak Power and Strong Authority and The Japanese State’, in Boyd, R and Ngo, T W (eds), Asian States: Beyond the Developmental Perspective, Routledge, New York, 2005Google Scholar
Haley, J O and Henderson, D F, Law and the Legal Process in Japan, University of Washington Press, Seattle, 1988Google Scholar
Hanami, T, ‘Legal Principles Regarding Reductions and Terminations of Corporate Pension Benefits’ [‘Kigyou Nenkin Kyuufu Gengaku Uchikiri no Houri’], Jurisuto, vol. 1309, 2006, p. 70Google Scholar
Hayes, D, Japan's Big Bang: The Deregulation and Revitalisation of the Japanese Economy, Tuttle, Boston, 2000Google Scholar
Hiramatsu, Y, ‘Tokugawa Law’ (Henderson, D F trans), Law in Japan: An Annual, vol. 14, 1981, p. 1Google Scholar
Ishii, R, A History of Political Institutions in Japan, University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo, 1988Google Scholar
Johnson, C, originally published in MITI and the Japanese Miracle (1982), reprinted in Milhaupt, C J, Ramseyer, J M and Young, M K (eds), Japanese Law in Context, Readings in Society, the Economy, and Politics, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass, 2001Google Scholar
Johnson, D, The Japanese Way of Justice, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2002Google Scholar
Kawashima, T, ‘Dispute Resolution in Contemporary Japan’, in Mehren, A (ed), Law in Japan: The Legal Order in a Changing Society, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass, 1963Google Scholar
Kelemen, D and Sibbitt, E, ‘The Americanization of Japanese Law’, University of Pennsylvania Journal of International Economic Law, vol. 23, no. 2, 2002, p. 269Google Scholar
Kingston, J, Japan's Quiet Transformation: Social Change and Civil Society in the Twenty-first Century, Routledge, New York, 2004Google Scholar
Kitagawa, Z, ‘Development of Comparative Law in East Asia’, in Reimann, M and Zimmerman, R (eds), The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Law, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2006Google Scholar
Lee, I, ‘The Law and Culture of the Apology in Korean Dispute Settlement (with Japan and the US in Mind)’, Michigan Journal of International Law, vol. 27, no. 1, 2005, p. 1Google Scholar
McCargo, D, Contemporary Japan, Palgrave, New York, 2000Google Scholar
McCubbins, M and Noble, G, ‘Equilibrium Behavior and the Appearance of Power: Legislators, Bureaucrats and the Budget Process in the US and Japan’, originally published in Cowhey, P and McCubbins, M (eds), Structure and Policy in Japan and the United States (1995), reprinted in Milhaupt, C J, Ramseyer, J M and Young, M K (eds), Japanese Law in Context, Readings in Society, the Economy, and Politics, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass, 2001Google Scholar
Miyazawa, S, ‘Taking Kawashima Seriously: A Review of Japanese Research on Japanese Legal Consciousness and Disputing Behavior’, Law and Society Review, vol. 21, no. 2, 1987, p. 219CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miyazawa, S, ‘Administrative Control of Japanese Judges’, originally published in Lewis, P (ed) Law and Technology in the Pacific Community (1991), reprinted in Milhaupt C J, Ramseyer, J M and Young, M K (eds), Japanese Law in Context, Readings in Society, the Economy, and Politics, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass, 2001Google Scholar
Miyazawa, S, ‘Law Reform, Lawyers, and Access to Justice’, in McAlinn, G (ed), Japanese Business Law, Kluwer, Alphen aan den Rijn, 2007Google Scholar
Nakamura, K, The Formation of Modern Japan, Centre for East Asian Cultural Studies, Tokyo, 1962Google Scholar
Nakano, T, ‘Benefit Levels of the Old Age Basic Pension and Old Age Employee's Insurance Pension: A Legal Perspective [‘Rôrei Kiso Nenkin, Rôrei Kôsei Nenkin no Kyûfu Suijun: Hôgaku no Kenchi Kara’]Jurisuto, vol. 1282, 2005, p. 69Google Scholar
Nottage, L, ‘Civil Procedure Reforms in Japan: The Latest Round’, Journal of Japanese Law/ZJapanR, vol. 9, no. 18, 2004, p. 204Google Scholar
Nottage, L, ‘Japan's New Arbitration Law: Domestication Reinforcing Internationalisation?’, International Arbitration Law Review, vol. 7, no. 2, 2004, p. 54Google Scholar
Nottage, L, Product Safety and Liability Law in Japan, Routledge, London, 2004Google Scholar
Nottage, L, Wolff, L and Anderson, K, ‘Introduction: Japan's Gradual Transformation in Corporate Governance’, in Nottage, L, Wolff, L and Anderson, K (eds), Corporate Governance in the 21st Century: Japan's Gradual Transformation, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, 2008CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oda, H, Japanese Law, 2nd ed, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1999Google Scholar
Parker, C, Scott, C, Lacey, N and Braithwaite, J (eds), Regulating Law, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2004CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Puchniak, D W, ‘The Japanization of American Corporate Governance? Evidence of the Never-ending History of Corporate Law’, Asian-Pacific Law and Policy Journal, vol. 9, no. 1, 2007, p. 7Google Scholar
Ramseyer, J M and Nakazato, M, ‘The Rational Litigant: Settlement Amounts and Verdict Rates in Japan’, Journal of Legal Studies, vol. 18, no. 2, 1989, p. 263CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rohl, W (ed), History of Law in Japan since 1868, Brill, Leiden, 2005
Schwartz, F J, Advice and Consent: The Politics of Consultation in Japan, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2001Google Scholar
Smith, P L, Japan: A Reinterpretation, Pantheon Books, New York, 1997Google Scholar
Steele, S and Taylor, K (eds), Legal Education in Asia, Routledge, London, 2009Google Scholar
Steenstrup, C, ‘New Knowledge Concerning Japan's Legal System before 1868, Acquired from Japanese Sources by Western Writers since 1963’, in Foote, D H (ed), Law in Japan: A Turning Point, University of Washington Press, Seattle, 2007Google Scholar
Sugimoto, Y, An Introduction to Japanese Society, 2nd ed, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2003Google Scholar
Takayanagi, K, ‘A Century of Innovation: The Development of Japanese Law, 1868–1961’, in Mehren, A (ed), Law in Japan: The Legal Order in a Changing Society, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass, 1963Google Scholar
Tanase, T, ‘The Empty Space of the Modern in Japanese Law Discourse’, in Nelken, D and Feest, J (eds), Adapting Legal Cultures, Hart, Oxford, 2001Google Scholar
Taylor, V L, ‘Continuing Transactions and Persistent Myths: Contracts in Contemporary Japan’, Melbourne University Law Review, vol. 19, no. 2, 1993, p. 352Google Scholar
Taylor, V L, ‘Re-regulating Japanese Transactions: The Competition Law Dimension’, in Amyx, J and Drysdale, P (eds), Japanese Governance, Routledge, London, 2003Google Scholar
Upham, F K, Law and Social Change in Postwar Japan, Harvard University Press
Vanoverbeke, D, Community and State in the Japanese Farm Village: Farm Tenancy Conciliation, 1924–1938, Leuven University Press, Leuven, 2004Google Scholar
West, M D, ‘The Resolution of Karaoke Disputes: The Calculus of Institutions and Social Capital’, Journal of Japanese Studies, vol. 28, no. 2, 2002, p. 301CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Young, M K, ‘Judicial Review of Administrative Guidance: Governmentally Encouraged Consensual Dispute Resolution in Japan’, Columbia Law Review, vol. 84, no. 4, 1984, p. 923CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Naganuma Nike Missile Site Case II, Sapporo High Court, 5 August 1976, 27 Gyousai Reishuu 1175
Naganuma Nike Missile Site Case III, Supreme Court of Japan, 9 September 1982, 36 Saihan Minshuu 1679
Supreme Court of Japan, 12 March 1948, Keishuu 2-3-191
Supreme Court of Japan, 15 October 1958, Keishuu 12-14-3305
Supreme Court of Japan, 4 April 1973, Keishuu 27-3-265
Supreme Court of Japan, 6 November 1974, Keishuu 28-9-393
Supreme Court of Japan, 30 April 1975, Minshuu 29-4-572
Supreme Court of Japan, 17 July 1985, Minshuu 39-5-1100
Supreme Court of Japan, 17 July 1995, Minshuu 49-7-1789
Act on General Rules on the Application of Laws [Hou no Tekiyou ni Kansuru Tsuusokuhou], Act No. 78 of 2006
Act Regarding Lay Assessor Participation in Criminal Trials [Saiban'in no Sanka Suru Keiji Saiban ni Kan Suru Horitsu], Act No. 63 of 2004
Administrative Procedure Act [Gyousei Tetsuzuki Hou], Act No. 88 of 1993
Child Welfare Act [Jidou Fukushi Hou], Act. No. 164 of 1947
Civil Code [Minpou], Act No. 89 of 1896
Code of Criminal Procedure [Keiji Soshou Hou], Act No. 131 of 1948
Commercial Code [Shouhou], Act No. 48 of 1899
Constitution of Japan [Nihonkoku Kenpô], 1946
Financial System Reform Act [Kinyuu Shisutemu Kaikaku no Tame no Kankei Houritsu no Seibi Tou ni Kan Suru Houritsu], Act No. 107 of 1998
Home Appliance Recycling Act [Tokutei Kateiyokiki Saishohinkaho], Act No. 97 of 1998
Hot Springs Act [Onsenhou], Act No. 125 of 1948
Personal Status Litigation Act [Jinji Soshou Hou], Act No. 109 of 2003
Foote, D H, ‘Justice System Reform in Japan’, <http://www.reds.msh-paris.fr/communication/docs/foote.pdf>
House of Representatives <http://www.shugiin.go.jp/index.nsf/html/index_e.htm>
Japan Commercial Arbitration Association <http://www.jcaa.or.jp/e/index.html>
Japan Federation of Bar Associations <http://www.nichibenren.or.jp/en/>
Justice System Reform Council, Recommendations of the Justice System Reform Council: For a Justice System to Support Japan in the 21st Century (2001) <http://www.kantei.go.jp/foreign/policy/sihou/singikai/990612_e.html>
Ministry of Justice <http://www.moj.go.jp/ENGLISH/index.html>
Ministry of Justice, Office of Public Prosecutors <http://www.kensatsu.go.jp>
National Institute of Population and Social Security Research, Population Projections for Japan: 2001–2050 (January 2002) <http://www.ipss.go.jp/pp-newest/e/ppfj02/ppfj02.pdf>
Provisional Promotion of Administrative Reform Deliberative Council, On Relations between Central and Local Government [Kuni to Chihou no Kankei Tou ni Kan Suru Toushin] (1989) <http://www.bunken.nga.gr.jp/siryousitu/hojyokin/gyokakushin1.pdf>
Supreme Court <http://www.courts.go.jp/english/>

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  • Japan
  • Edited by E. Ann Black, University of Queensland, Gary F. Bell, National University of Singapore
  • Book: Law and Legal Institutions of Asia
  • Online publication: 01 June 2011
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511921131.005
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  • Japan
  • Edited by E. Ann Black, University of Queensland, Gary F. Bell, National University of Singapore
  • Book: Law and Legal Institutions of Asia
  • Online publication: 01 June 2011
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511921131.005
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  • Japan
  • Edited by E. Ann Black, University of Queensland, Gary F. Bell, National University of Singapore
  • Book: Law and Legal Institutions of Asia
  • Online publication: 01 June 2011
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511921131.005
Available formats
×