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Modelling appropriate use of trypanocides to restrict wide-spread multi-drug resistance during chemotherapy of animal African trypanosomiasis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 December 2018

Ibrahim I. Wangwe ,
Sarah A. Wamwenje ,
Caroline Mirieri ,
Nicodemus M. Masila ,
Lillian Wambua  and
Benard W. Kulohoma Open the ORCID record for Benard W. Kulohoma [Opens in a new window]
Ibrahim I. Wangwe
Affiliation:
Centre for Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi, Kenya International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P.O. Box 30772, Nairobi, Kenya
Sarah A. Wamwenje
Affiliation:
Centre for Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi, Kenya International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P.O. Box 30772, Nairobi, Kenya
Caroline Mirieri
Affiliation:
Kiboko Zoological Investigations and Efficacy Trials Centre, P.O. Box 21, Kiboko, Makindu, Kenya
Nicodemus M. Masila
Affiliation:
Kenya Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis Eradication Council (KENTTEC), P.O. Box 106-80403, Kwale, Kenya
Lillian Wambua
Affiliation:
International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P.O. Box 30772, Nairobi, Kenya School of Biological Sciences, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi, Kenya
Benard W. Kulohoma*
Affiliation:
Centre for Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi, Kenya International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P.O. Box 30772, Nairobi, Kenya
*
Author for correspondence: Benard W. Kulohoma, E-mail: bkulohoma@uonbi.ac.ke
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Abstract

Trypanocide resistance remains a huge challenge in the management of animal African trypanosomiasis. Paucity of data on the prevalence of multi-drug resistant trypanosomes has greatly hindered optimal veterinary management practices. We use mathematical model predictions to highlight appropriate drug regimens that impede trypanocide resistance development in cattle. We demonstrate that using drugs in decreasing resistance order results in a negligible increase in number of cattle with resistant infection, in contrast to a more pronounced increase from trypanocide use in increasing resistance order. We demonstrate that the lowest levels of trypanocide resistance are achieved with combination therapy. We also show that increasing the number of cattle treated leads to a progressive reduction in the number of cattle with drug resistant infections for treatments of up to 80% of the cattle population for the combination treatment strategy. Our findings provide an initial evidence-based framework on some essential practices that promote optimal use of the handful of trypanocides. We anticipate that our modest forecasts will improve therapeutic outcomes by appropriately informing on the best choice, and combination of drugs that minimize treatment failure rates.

Keywords

Mathematical modelsmulti-drug resistancesmallholder farmerstrypanocidestrypanosomes
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 146 , Issue 6 , May 2019 , pp. 774 - 780
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Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2018 

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