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Understanding the development of psychopathy: progress and challenges

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 October 2017

E. Viding  and
E. J. McCrory
E. Viding*
Affiliation:
Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, Gower St, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
E. J. McCrory
Affiliation:
Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, Gower St, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
*
*Address for correspondence: E. Viding, Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, Gower St, London, WC1E 6BT, UK. (Email: e.viding@ucl.ac.uk)
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Abstract

Psychopathy is an adult condition that incurs substantial societal and individual costs. Here we review neurocognitive and genetically informative studies that shed light on how and why this condition emerges. Children cannot present with psychopathy. However, the presence of callous–unemotional (CU) traits can distinguish a group of children who are at elevated risk of psychopathy in adulthood. These children display diminished empathy and guilt and show attenuated brain activation to distress cues in others. Genetically informative studies indicate that individual differences in CU traits show moderate-to-strong heritability, but that protective environmental factors can counter heritable risk. On the basis of the extant research findings, we speculate on what might represent the priorities for research over the next decade. We also consider the clinical implications of these research findings. In particular, we consider the importance of delineating what precisely works for children with CU traits (and their parents) and the ways in which intervention and prevention programs may be optimized to improve engagement as well as clinical outcomes.

Keywords

Antisocialbraincallous-unemotionaldevelopmentempathygeneticpsychopathy
Type
Review Article
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 48 , Issue 4 , March 2018 , pp. 566 - 577
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2017 

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