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Catechol-O-methyltransferase Val158Met genotype moderates the effect of disorganized attachment on social development in young children

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 June 2014

Beate Wold Hygen ,
Ismail Cuneyt Guzey ,
Jay Belsky ,
Turid Suzanne Berg-Nielsen  and
Lars Wichstrøm
Beate Wold Hygen*
Affiliation:
Norwegian University of Science and Technology NTNU Samfunnsforskning AS, Trondheim
Ismail Cuneyt Guzey
Affiliation:
Norwegian University of Science and Technology St. Olav University Hospital
Jay Belsky
Affiliation:
University of California–Davis King Abdulaziz University
Turid Suzanne Berg-Nielsen
Affiliation:
Norwegian University of Science and Technology
Lars Wichstrøm
Affiliation:
Norwegian University of Science and Technology NTNU Samfunnsforskning AS, Trondheim St. Olavs Hospital HF
*
Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Beate W. Hygen, Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway; E-mail: beate.hygen@samfunn.ntnu.no.
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Abstract

Children with histories of disorganized attachment exhibit diverse problems, possibly because disorganization takes at least two distinctive forms as children age: controlling–punitive and controlling–caregiving. This variation in the developmental legacy of disorganization has been attributed primarily to variations in children's rearing experiences. Here an alternative explanation of these divergent sequelae of disorganization is evaluated: one focused on genotype. Structural equation modeling was applied to data on 704 Norwegian children to test whether the catechol-O-methyltransferase Val158Met genotype moderates the effect of disorganized attachment, which was measured dimensionally at 4 years of age using the Manchester Child Attachment Story Task, on changes in aggressive behavior and social competence from ages 4 to 6. Children who scored high on disorganization and were homozygous for the valine allele displayed significantly greater increases in aggression and decreases in self-oriented social skills (e.g., self-regulation and assertiveness) over time than did their disorganized counterparts carrying the methionine allele, whereas disorganized children carrying the methionine allele increased their other-oriented social skill (e.g., cooperation and responsibility) scores more than did valine-homozygous children. These results are consistent with the controlling–punitive and controlling–caregiving behaviors observed in disorganized children, suggesting that the children's genotype contributed to variations in the social development of disorganized children.

Type
Regular Articles
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 26 , Issue 4pt1 , November 2014 , pp. 947 - 961
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2014 

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