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Auditory Hallucinations and Reduced Language Lateralization in Schizophrenia: A Meta-analysis of Dichotic Listening Studies

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 January 2013

Sebastian Ocklenburg ,
René Westerhausen ,
Marco Hirnstein  and
Kenneth Hugdahl
Sebastian Ocklenburg*
Affiliation:
Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
René Westerhausen
Affiliation:
Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway Division for Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
Marco Hirnstein
Affiliation:
Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
Kenneth Hugdahl
Affiliation:
Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway Division for Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
*
Correspondence and reprint requests to: Sebastian Ocklenburg, Department of Biological and Medical Psychology/Bergen fMRI Group, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway. E-mail: sebastian.ocklenburg@psybp.uib.no
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Abstract

Reduced left-hemispheric language lateralization has been proposed to be a trait marker for schizophrenia, but the empirical evidence is ambiguous. Recent studies suggest that auditory hallucinations are critical for whether a patient shows reduced language lateralization. Therefore, the aim of the study was to statistically integrate studies investigating language lateralization in schizophrenia patients using dichotic listening. To this end, two meta-analyses were conducted, one comparing schizophrenia patients with healthy controls (n = 1407), the other comparing schizophrenia patients experiencing auditory hallucinations with non-hallucinating controls (n = 407). Schizophrenia patients showed weaker language lateralization than healthy controls but the effect size was small (g = −0.26). When patients with auditory hallucinations were compared to non-hallucinating controls, the effect size was substantially larger (g = −0.45). These effect sizes suggest that reduced language lateralization is a weak trait marker for schizophrenia as such and a strong trait marker for the experience of auditory hallucinations within the schizophrenia population. (JINS, 2013, 19, 1–9.)

Keywords

Functional lateralityHemispheric specializationVerbal auditory hallucinationsPsychotic disordersSpeechAuditory perception
Type
Research Articles
Information
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , Volume 19 , Issue 4 , April 2013 , pp. 410 - 418
Copyright
Copyright © The International Neuropsychological Society 2013

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