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Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Analysis to Understand the Role of Tannin-Based Dyes in the Degradation of Historical Wool Textiles

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 July 2014

Annalaura Restivo ,
Ilaria Degano ,
Erika Ribechini ,
Josefina Pérez-Arantegui  and
Maria Perla Colombini
Annalaura Restivo
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, via Risorgimento 35, 56126 Pisa, Italy
Ilaria Degano
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, via Risorgimento 35, 56126 Pisa, Italy
Erika Ribechini
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, via Risorgimento 35, 56126 Pisa, Italy
Josefina Pérez-Arantegui*
Affiliation:
Instituto Universitario de investigación en Ciencias Ambientales de Aragón (IUCA), Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
Maria Perla Colombini
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, via Risorgimento 35, 56126 Pisa, Italy
*
*Corresponding author. jparante@unizar.es
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Abstract:

An innovative approach, combining field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis, is presented to investigate the degradation mechanisms affecting tannin-dyed wool. In fact, tannin-dyed textiles are more sensitive to degradation then those dyed with other dyestuffs, even in the same conservation conditions.

FESEM-EDX was first used to study a set of 48 wool specimens (artificially aged) dyed with several raw materials and mordants, and prepared according to historical dyeing recipes. EDX analysis was performed on the surface of wool threads and on their cross-sections. In addition, in order to validate the model formulated by the analysis of reference materials, several samples collected from historical and archaeological textiles were subjected to FESEM-EDX analysis.

FESEM-EDX investigations enabled us to reveal the correlation between elemental composition and morphological changes. In addition, aging processes were clarified by studying changes in the elemental composition of wool from the protective cuticle to the fiber core in cross-sections. Morphological and elemental analysis of wool specimens and of archaeological and historical textiles showed that the presence of tannins increases wool damage, primarily by causing a sulfur decrease and fiber oxidation.

Keywords

FESEM-EDXtannin-dyed textileswool damagesulfur decreasefiber oxidation
Type
Materials Applications
Information
Microscopy and Microanalysis , Volume 20 , Issue 5 , October 2014 , pp. 1534 - 1543
Copyright
© Microscopy Society of America 2014 

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