Psychiatric symptoms are typically highly inter-correlated at the group level. Collectively, these correlations define the architecture of psychopathology – informing taxonomic and mechanistic models in psychiatry. However, to date, it remains unclear if this architecture differs between etiologically distinct subgroups, despite the core relevance of this understanding for personalized medicine. Here, we introduce a new analytic pipeline to probe group differences in the psychopathology architecture – demonstrated through the comparison of two distinct neurogenetic disorders.

We use a large questionnaire battery in 300 individuals aged 5–25 years (n = 102 XXY/KS, n = 64 XYY, n = 134 age-matched XY) to characterize the structure of correlations among 53 diverse measures of psychopathology in XXY/KS and XYY syndrome – enabling us to compare the effects of X- versus Y-chromosome dosage on the architecture of psychopathology at multiple, distinctly informative levels.

Behavior correlation matrices describe the architecture of psychopathology in each syndrome. A comparison of matrix rows reveals that social problems and externalizing symptoms are most differentially coupled to other aspects of psychopathology in XXY/KS versus XYY. Clustering the difference between matrices captures coordinated group differences in pairwise coupling between measures of psychopathology: XXY/KS shows greater coherence among externalizing, internalizing, and autism-related features, while XYY syndrome shows greater coherence in dissociality and early neurodevelopmental impairment.

These methods offer new insights into X- and Y-chromosome dosage effects on behavior, and our shared code can now be applied to other clinical groups of interest – helping to hone mechanistic models and inform the tailoring of care.

Around the world, people living in objectively difficult circumstances who experience symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) do not qualify for a diagnosis because their worry is not ‘excessive’ relative to the context. We carried out the first large-scale, cross-national study to explore the implications of removing this excessiveness requirement.

Data come from the World Health Organization World Mental Health Survey Initiative. A total of 133 614 adults from 12 surveys in Low- or Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) and 16 surveys in High-Income Countries (HICs) were assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Non-excessive worriers meeting all other DSM-5 criteria for GAD were compared to respondents meeting all criteria for GAD, and to respondents without GAD, on clinically-relevant correlates.

Removing the excessiveness requirement increases the global lifetime prevalence of GAD from 2.6% to 4.0%, with larger increases in LMICs than HICs. Non-excessive and excessive GAD cases worry about many of the same things, although non-excessive cases worry more about health/welfare of loved ones, and less about personal or non-specific concerns, than excessive cases. Non-excessive cases closely resemble excessive cases in socio-demographic characteristics, family history of GAD, and risk of temporally secondary comorbidity and suicidality. Although non-excessive cases are less severe on average, they report impairment comparable to excessive cases and often seek treatment for GAD symptoms.

Individuals with non-excessive worry who meet all other DSM-5 criteria for GAD are clinically significant cases. Eliminating the excessiveness requirement would lead to a more defensible GAD diagnosis.

Koro, also known in Cantonese as Shook Yang, which literally translates to “shrinking penis”, has its roots in a cultural belief that a mythological figure would steal the penis of his victims. Predominantly reported in Southeast Asia, it involves an acute fear of genital retraction, often accompanied by the belief that this retraction may lead to death. Over the last two centuries, Koro has undergone several attempts to establish its definition and classification, without a true consensus having been reached.

This study aims to explore the cultural nuances surrounding Koro and reflect on the various conceptualizations that modulated its definition and nosological classification, from Ancient China until the present.

A non-systematic literature review with the keywords “koro” and “culture” was conducted.

Koro was only introduced to the Western world during colonial expansion, drawing the attention of several psychiatrists who, in Asian territory, reported numerous cases in natives, making the very first attempts at a nosological classification, whether as an anxiety neurosis, or as an obsessive-compulsive disorder. The literature reveals significant cultural variations in the manifestation of Koro, challenging the traditional psychiatric understanding rooted in Western diagnostic categories. Cultural factors, including societal beliefs, religious practices, and regional variations, emerged as influential contributors to the prevalence and presentation of Koro. Additionally, the study identified instances of Koro evolving in response to cultural shifts and globalization, emphasizing the dynamic nature of this syndrome.

This review underscores the need for a comprehensive understanding of Koro that acknowledges its diverse conceptualizations across cultures. Its occurrence, not only in multiple parts of the world, but also in close relation with various comorbidities, has contributed to the dissolution of its primary identity as a culture-bound syndrome, turning Koro into a moving target.

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There are numerous structured group psychological treatments (GPT), especially in the cognitive behavioral paradigm, which have proven effective. In these TPG, strategies, guidelines, knowledge, etc. are worked and, in many cases, homework is prescribed as an integral part of the treatment. A group context is also generated where people relate, generally with a similar culture, ages, mental health states and life problems

Elucidate which group therapeutic factors (GTF) are valued as most important by patients in their psychological improvement process. Know what our patients consider has helped them most in their GPT, whether the GTF or the content of the therapy (CT), conceptualized as the set of guidelines, knowledge, strategies, exercises and learning carried out with the therapists intrasession and with the material provided intersessions

A total of 36 patients(mean age=51.04 (9.21)); 69.44% women (n=25); with main diagnoses (77.77%, n=28) of adaptive disorder, 6 patients of major depression (16.66%) and 2 unspecified anxiety disorders (5.55%) are included in GPT based on acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) of Hayes’s (2012) for primary care patients, and on a treatment protocol developed in our clinical health psychology section (Segú et al. PaP 2023; 25 6-18) in long covid patients

Patients are recruited and cared for in the collaboration program with the primary care centers (CPPC), n=22(61.11%), and 12 patients (38.89%) diagnosed with long covid in the specialized post-covid unit of internal medicine, and treated in the clinical health psychology section on the Hospital Clínic of Barcelona (HCB)

Post-treatment evaluation is carried out using the GTF questionnaire, based on Yalom’s Q-short(1985), validated with 11 items, adapted to Spanish (Ribé et al. RAEN 2018; 38(134) 473-89). Patients rate from 1 to 10 how much they consider each FTG has helped them in their improvement process

The relevance of the GTF are: Altruism(8.16), catharsis(7.61), cohesiveness(7.94), corrective recapitulation(6.15); socialization techniques (6.41); self-awareness of reality(6.65); imitative behavior(6.43); participated information(6.69), instill hope(6.39); interpersonal learning (7.07), universality(8.27).

Regarding the other objective, 44.44%(n=16) consider the GTF more important than the content of the therapy in their improvement; 36.11%(n=13) equal importance; 13.88%(n=5) plus the CT and 2 consider that none of it has helped them (5.55%). Total importance CT(7.18/10) and GTF(7.44/10). The perceived help in their improvement process in the GPT(CT + GTF)=7.61/10.

In two structured group treatments, based on ACT, a greater percentage of patients value that the GTFs have helped them more in their improvement process than the CT. The GTFs considered most relevant were universality, altruism, cohesiveness and catharsis.

None Declared