The radish fly, Delia planipalpis Linnaeus (Diptera: Anthomyiidae), is an emerging pest of broccoli and brassicaceous crops (Brassicaceae). The fly oviposits close to the stem of broccoli plants, and larvae feed within the stem and then pupate in the soil. Due to D. planipalpis’s recent appearance as a pest, no insecticides are registered for its management in Mexico. This study evaluated the efficacy of 13 synthetic and biological insecticides against different developmental stages through laboratory bioassays. Neonicotinoid-based products were highly toxic to the larvae, especially when applied via root irrigation, with thiamethoxam, clothianidin, and imidacloprid showing systemic activity. Thiamethoxam- and spinetoram-based products were also effective when applied to the stem oviposition site as a spray. A clothianidin-based product demonstrated moderate ovicidal activity, and bifenthrin had moderate residual activity against adult flies. A pyriproxyfen-based product effectively suppressed adult emergence. Products based on spirotetramat, neem (Meliaceae), and Tagetes (marigold) (Asteraceae) extracts and the microbial insecticide Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bacillaceae) were ineffective against this pest. Spinosad and Sterneinema feltiae (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) were not highly effective but could be used together with other control strategies in organic production. Neonicotinoids, spinetoram, and pyriproxyfen are promising options to validate in field trials for the management of D. planipalpis in broccoli.

The archaeological study of craft production investigates the role of household activities in broader social and political networks. In the Maya area, the production and distribution of ceramics, especially prestige ceramics including polychrome and fine ware pottery, relate to broader transformations in Maya society from the Classic to Terminal Classic periods. However, direct evidence for ceramic production in the form of kilns, workshops, or associated detritus can be elusive. We report the identification, excavation, and preliminary analysis of a large deposit of fine paste ceramics, including sherds representative of the Fine Orange and Fine Gray wares in the type-variety system of Maya ceramics, from a household group at the archaeological site of Benemérito de las Américas Primera Sección, located near the confluence of the Lacantún and Usumacinta Rivers. Discarded ceramics from this context exhibit several signs of overfiring consistent with pottery production. This deposit challenges notions of functional versus symbolic activity, as the members of this household used this deposit to dedicate a group of three burials accompanied by offerings including a figurine ensemble. We discuss the implications for this deposit in the context of economic shifts taking place across the Maya Lowlands during this period.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has placed an enormous strain on the healthcare system, including infection prevention and control. The response to the COVID-19 pandemic required extraordinary resources, which were often diverted from routine infection prevention and control activities and may have contributed to increased rates of HAI in the acute care setting. However, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on infection prevention and control departments, including staffing and resources, and on routine infection prevention and control activities is not well-described. The objective of this study was to describe the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on IPC departments and department response to the pandemic. Methods: Between August and December of 2023, we conducted an electronic survey of all acute care facilities participating in the National Healthcare Safety Network. Survey data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: Over 594 infection control departments participated in the survey, representing 1,400 NHSN facilities (20% response rate based on number of eligible NHSN facilities). Half of the respondents reported that their hospital experienced increases in the following HAI rates during the first two years of the pandemic: central-line associated bloodstream infections (54%), catheter-associated urinary tract infections (46%) and ventilator associated pneumonia (45%). When asked to identify the top three contributors to increased HAI rates in their facility, respondents cited the following factors: staffing shortages (70%), patient acuity (69%), use of travel nurses (48%), increased device utilization (37%), and reduced bedside acuity (31%). Respondents reported that their department utilized the following actions to decrease these HAI rates: increased rounding and monitoring of IPC procedures (81%), reeducation of frontline staff on IPC policies and procedures (77%), environmental care rounds (69%), monitoring of isolation compliance (66%), HAI Task Force/Committee (57%), nurse-driven catheter removal protocols (53%), and insertion prevention protocols (53%). When asked if the department experienced applied pressure or attempts to influence HAI reporting due to the increase in HAI rates in the facility experienced in the wake of the pandemic, 19% of respondents reported increased pressure from management/C-suite and 7% reported increased pressure from providers. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic had a substantial impact on IPC departments in acute care hospitals and had a profound effect on IPC staffing, resources and routine IPC activities. Future work needs to identify best practices and lessons learned from the pandemic to inform future pandemic preparedness.

The real estate business on sandy coasts and coastal dunes has increased dramatically over the last decades because of the growing demands for leisure activities which, consequently, have yielded important economic gains. Such ravaging exploitation results in the replacement of sandy ecosystems with tourism-oriented settlements, infrastructure, and facilities. As the sandy beaches and coastal dunes become deteriorated or eliminated, their protective role is lost, and the hydrometeorological risks to which the increasing human coastal populations are exposed grow, especially in a climate change scenario with increasing storminess. Furthermore, when possible, the expansion of the tourism industry continues searching for new, unspoiled locations, and the cycle begins again. This situation leads to the dilemma of coastal management: should we continue with the over-exploitation of sandy coasts for growing economic benefits? Or should we preserve the coasts for protection against the impact of increasing storms and sea level rise and to benefit biodiversity? Although scientific evidence demonstrates the relevance of protecting the coasts, coastal development plans continue to ignore these findings. What are the key drivers for these trends? We first looked for scientific evidence of the appraisal of the esthetic beauty of the beach and coastal dunes, as highly important drivers of urbanization and coastal environmental change. We then looked for evidence that demonstrated how coastal dunes offer storm protection Finally, we examined if the conservation of beaches and coastal dunes can be compatible with non-intrusive tourism. In summary, through the literature review and our own data, we show how different alternatives may help achieve a more sustainable coastal tourism by combining economic necessities with environmental concerns.

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: The Michigan Institute for Clinical & Health Research Community Engagement (MICHR CE) has collaborated for 15+ years with underserved communities on public health issues. As Michigan’s sole CTSA institution, we aim to advance the science of community engagement in translational science statewide. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: MICHR CE PACE (Promoting Academic-Community Engagement) will advance clinical and translational science. Key steps include: 1) form a PACE Steering Committee; 2) PACE Trainings with community-academic partner Detroit Urban Research Center; 3) PACE Training Manual; 4) community Grand Rounds to bridge academic-community insights; and 5) community resources (e.g., toolkits). PACE projects will spotlight community-engaged research (CEnR) via diverse media including social media and community-level communications. The PACE ScienCE initiative will embody cultural humility by addressing power imbalances, emphasizing trust. We will utilize assessments and root cause analyses to navigate CEnR barriers. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Anticipated results from MICHR CE’s planned approach with PACE include strengthened academic-community relationships. Formation of the PACE Steering Committee and collaborations are expected to foster more structured and impactful CEnR trainings. The PACE Training Manual will become a foundational resource for CEnR best practices. Community Grand Rounds will reveal increased interdisciplinary insights and community trust. All PACE projects will utilize diverse media to enhance CEnR visibility and community-level access. Lastly, by addressing power disparities via PACE ScienCE, we foresee enhanced trust, reduced barriers, and more transparent community-academic collaborations. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: This strategy, based on co-planned efforts and community consultations, aims to reshape Michigan’s CEnR landscape and offers a replicable model for other regions. The insights gained will guide community-academic collaborations promoting translational, inclusive, and efficient community engagement.

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: The Michigan Institute for Clinical & Health Research (MICHR) Community Engagement (CE) Program fosters translational science and community-engaged research (CenR) through education, connecting, supporting, and funding efforts and opportunities. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: In Michigan’s Upper Peninsula, CE partnered with the Michigan Health Endowment Fund to develop a 3-hour workshop that consisted of a panel discussion on best practices of community engagement and a presentation on community engaged nonprofit management. The workshop was designed from mapping 60 participants’ pre-workshop survey findings and reviewing themes from a planning meeting transcript with six community partners. Key themes that emerged included participatory budgeting, collaborative governance, communications, and community planning. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: A mix methods post-workshop evaluation feedback survey was completed. The 9-item survey assessed workshop content, satisfaction, and knowledge gained using a Likert scale as well as opened questions about key takeaway and value added. Quantitative results to be analyzed. Qualitatively, some participants described the workshop as helpful and thoughtful about how to strengthen community engagement within their organizations. Others expressed a desire for more time. Regarding impact, CE received an uptake in consultations and inquiries into statewide pilot grants. The workshop facilitated new collaborations with philanthropic and community organizations serving the Upper Peninsula. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Lessons learned highlight trust, understanding community culture, and moving slowly in a newly formed collaboration. The approach utilized in the Upper Peninsula can inform translational methods for additional partnerships underway across the state of Michigan.

Dicarbonyl compounds are highly reactive precursors of advanced glycation end products (AGE), produced endogenously, present in certain foods and formed during food processing. AGE contribute to the development of adverse metabolic outcomes, but health effects of dietary dicarbonyls are largely unexplored. We investigated associations between three dietary dicarbonyl compounds, methylglyoxal (MGO), glyoxal (GO) and 3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG), and body weight changes in European adults. Dicarbonyl intakes were estimated using food composition database from 263 095 European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition–Physical Activity, Nutrition, Alcohol, Cessation of Smoking, Eating Out of Home in Relation to Anthropometry participants with two body weight assessments (median follow-up time = 5·4 years). Associations between dicarbonyls and 5-year body-weight changes were estimated using mixed linear regression models. Stratified analyses by sex, age and baseline BMI were performed. Risk of becoming overweight/obese was assessed using multivariable-adjusted logistic regression. MGO intake was associated with 5-year body-weight gain of 0·089 kg (per 1-sd increase, 95 % CI 0·072, 0·107). 3-DG was inversely associated with body-weight change (–0·076 kg, −0·094, −0·058). No significant association was observed for GO (0·018 kg, −0·002, 0·037). In stratified analyses, GO was associated with body-weight gain among women and older participants (above median of 52·4 years). MGO was associated with higher body-weight gain among older participants. 3-DG was inversely associated with body-weight gain among younger and normal-weight participants. MGO was associated with a higher risk of becoming overweight/obese, while inverse associations were observed for 3-DG. No associations were observed for GO with overweight/obesity. Dietary dicarbonyls are inconsistently associated with body weight change among European adults. Further research is needed to clarify the role of these food components in overweight and obesity, their underlying mechanisms and potential public health implications.

Higher education enrolment and graduation rates have increased rapidly inter-generationally across much of the world, offering employers the promise of more knowledgeable recruits and promising individuals new means of social advancement. In the case of Bolivia, the labour force is becoming more heterogeneous over time, which could imply positive effects induced by a closer match between labour supply and recruiters’ needs. However, we show that this is not the case. We revisit the transition mechanisms from college to the workplace, positing recruiters’ interpretations of educational credentials as a crucial determining factor for employability in the formal sector. In a two-branch correspondence study, 2848 fictitious CVs were sent to 1424 formal firms in the three main urban Bolivian areas. We find a large university reputation premium. Applicants from well-valued universities are around 40% more likely to receive a positive response – a 2.25 percentage point advantage from a 7.87% baseline likelihood. Thus, the increasingly heterogeneous labour force is generating additional informational frictions in the labour market, rather than promoting a more efficient matching process.