The new mineral pabellóndepicaite (IMA2023-104), Cu2+2(N3C2H2)2(NH3)2(NO3)Cl·2H2O, was found in the guano deposit at Pabellón de Pica, Iquique Province, Chile, where it is a secondary phase formed at the contact between an altered guano deposit and a chalcopyrite-bearing gabbro. Pabellóndepicaite occurs on salammoniac in association with antipinite, bojarite, dittmarite, halite, joanneumite, sampleite, struvite, wheatleyite and whewellite. Crystals are rectangular blades or tablets, up to ∼0.2 mm long, flattened on {001} and elongated along [100] and exhibiting the forms {010}, {001}, {011} and {102}. Crystals are indigo blue and transparent, with vitreous lustre and light indigo blue streak. The mineral is brittle with curved and stepped fracture. The Mohs hardness is ∼2½. Cleavage is perfect on {001} and good on {010}. The density is 1.95(2) g·cm–3. Optically, pabellóndepicaite is biaxial (+) with α = 1.583(3), β = 1.596(3) and γ = 1.644(3) (white light). The 2V is 56(2)° with distinct r > v dispersion. The optical orientation is X = a, Y = b, Z = c and the pleochroism is X light indigo blue, Y indigo blue, Z pale indigo blue; Y > X > Z. The empirical formula is Cu2Cl1.25N9C4H13.75O4.75 (with H, C and N calculated based on the structure). Pabellóndepicaite is orthorhombic, space group Pmma, with cell parameters: a = 7.2118(12), b = 9.0983(15), c = 11.128(3) Å, V = 730.2(2) Å3 and Z = 2. The structure (R1 = 6.65% for 482 I > 2σI reflections) contains two types of polyhedral chains (1) a zig-zag chain of CuN4Cl2 octahedra linked by sharing Cl atoms and the N–N edges of 1,2,4-triazolate groups and (2) a chain of CuN4O2 octahedra alternating with NO3 triangles. The chains are linked to one another by 1,2,4-triazolate groups to form layers with isolated H2O groups in their cavities.

Sperlingite, (H2O)K(Mn2+Fe3+)(Al2Ti)(PO4)4[O(OH)][(H2O)9(OH)]⋅4H2O, is a new monoclinic member of the paulkerrite group, from the Hagendorf-Süd pegmatite, Oberpfalz, Bavaria, Germany. It was found in corrosion pits of altered zwieselite, in association with columbite, hopeite, leucophosphite, mitridatite, scholzite, orange–brown zincoberaunite sprays and tiny green crystals of zincolibethenite. Sperlingite forms colourless prisms with pyramidal terminations, which are predominantly only 5 to 20 μm in size, rarely to 60 μm and frequently are multiply intergrown and are overgrown with smaller crystals. The crystals are flattened on {010} and slightly elongated along [100] with forms {010}, {001} and {111}. Twinning occurs by rotation about c. The calculated density is 2.40 g⋅cm–3. Optically, sperlingite crystals are biaxial (+), α = 1.600(est), β = 1.615(5), γ = 1.635(5) (white light) and 2V (calc.) = 82.7°. The optical orientation is X = b, Y = c and Z = a. Neither dispersion nor pleochroism were observed. The empirical formula from electron microprobe analyses and structure refinement is A1[(H2O)0.96K0.04]Σ1.00 A2(K0.52□0.48)Σ1.00 M1(Mn2+0.60Mg0.33Zn0.29Fe3+0.77)Σ1.99 M2+M3(Al1.05Ti4+1.33Fe3+0.62)Σ3.00(PO4)4 X[F0.19(OH)0.94O0.87]Σ2.00[(H2O)9.23(OH)0.77]Σ10.00⋅3.96H2O. Sperlingite has monoclinic symmetry with space group P21/c and unit-cell parameters a = 10.428(2) Å, b = 20.281(4) Å, c = 12.223(2) Å, β = 90.10(3)°, V = 2585.0(8) Å3 and Z = 4. The crystal structure was refined using synchrotron single-crystal data to wRobs = 0.058 for 5608 reflections with I > 3σ(I). Sperlingite is the first paulkerrite-group mineral to have co-dominant divalent and trivalent cations at the M1 sites; All other reported members have Mn2+ or Mg dominant at M1. Local charge balance for Fe3+ at M1 is achieved by H2O → OH– at H2O coordinated to M1.

Hydroxylbenyacarite, (H2O)2Mn2(Ti2Fe)(PO4)4[O(OH)](H2O)10⋅4H2O, is a new paulkerrite-group mineral from the El Criollo mine, Cordoba Province, Argentina (IMA2023–079). It was found in specimens of altered triplite, in association with bermanite, phosphosiderite, quartz, strengite and manganese oxides.

Hydroxylbenyacarite occurs as light greenish-yellow rhombic tablets with dimensions of typically 20 to 50 μm, occasionally to 400 μm. The crystals are flattened on {010}, slightly elongated on [001] and bounded by the {111} and {010} forms. The calculated density is 2.32 g cm–3. Optically, hydroxylbenyacarite crystals are biaxial (+), with α = 1.608(3), β = 1.624(3), γ = 1.642(3) (measured in white light) and 2V(meas.) = 88(2)°. The calculated 2V is 87.5°. The empirical formula is Ca0.06 A[K0.46(H2O)0.88□0.66]Σ2.00 M1(Mn1.52Mg0.02Fe2+0.35□0.11)Σ2.00 M2+M3(Fe3+1.21Al0.02Ti1.77)Σ3.00(PO4)4 X[F0.16(OH)0.70O1.14]Σ2.00(H2O)10⋅3.77H2O.

The average crystal structure for hydroxylbenyacarite has space group Pbca and unit cell parameters a = 10.5500(3) Å, b =20.7248(5) Å, c = 12.5023(3) Å, V = 2733.58(12) Å3 and Z = 4. It was refined using single-crystal data to wRobs = 0.074 for 2611 reflections with I > 3σ(I). The crystal structure contains corner-connected linear trimers of Ti-centred octahedra that share corners with PO4 tetrahedra to form 10-member rings parallel to (010). K+ cations and water molecules are located in interstitial sites within the rings. Additional corner-sharing of the PO4 tetrahedra with MnO2(H2O)4 octahedra occurs along [010] to complete the 3D framework structure. A new eight-coordinated interstitial site, previously unreported for paulkerrite-group minerals, is occupied by Ca2+ cations. Weak diffuse diffraction spots in reconstructed precession images for hydroxylbenyacarite violate the a and b glide plane extinctions for Pbca and are consistent with local, unit-cell-scale regions of monoclinic, P21/c structure, in which ordering of the interstitial K+ and Ca2+ cations occurs.

Ebnerite and epiebnerite, both with the ideal formula NH4ZnPO4, are new mineral species from the Rowley mine, Maricopa County, Arizona, USA. They occur in an unusual bat-guano-related, post-mining assemblage of phases. Epiebnerite grows epitactically on ebnerite and replaces it. Ebnerite and epiebnerite are found in intimate association with alunite, halite, mimetite, newberyite, sampleite, struvite and wulfenite on hematite-rich quartz–baryte matrix. Crystals of ebnerite are colourless narrow prisms up to ~0.3 mm in length. The streak is white, lustre is vitreous, Mohs hardness is ~2, tenacity is brittle and fracture is splintery. The density is 2.78(2) g⋅cm–3. Ebnerite is optically uniaxial (–) with ω = 1.585(2) and ɛ = 1.575(2). Epiebnerite occurs as colourless prisms or blades, up to about 10 × 3 × 2 μm, in parallel growth forming ribs with serrated edges epitactic on ebnerite prisms. The streak is white, lustre is vitreous, Mohs hardness is probably ~2, tenacity is brittle. The calculated density is 2.851 g⋅cm–3. Epiebnerite is optically biaxial with all indices of refraction near 1.580. Electron microprobe analysis gave the empirical formula [(NH4)0.89K0.06]Σ0.95(Zn0.96Cu0.07)Σ1.03[(P0.97Si0.03)Σ1.00O4] for ebnerite and [(NH4)0.67K0.28]Σ0.95(Zn0.99Cu0.02)Σ1.02(P1.00O4) for epiebnerite. Ebnerite is hexagonal, P63, with a = 10.67051(16), c = 8.7140(2) Å, V = 859.25(3) Å3 and Z = 8. Epiebnerite is monoclinic, P21, with a = 8.796(16), b = 5.457(16), c = 8.960(16) Å, β = 90.34(6)°, V = 430.1(17) Å3 and Z = 4. The structures of ebnerite (R1 = 0.0372 for 1168 Io > 2σI reflections) and epiebnerite (known from synthetic monoclinic NH4ZnPO4) are zeolite-like frameworks based upon corner-sharing linkages between alternating ZnO4 and PO4 tetrahedra with channels in the frameworks hosting the NH4 groups. The two structures are topologically distinct. Ebnerite belongs to the family of ‘stuffed derivatives’ of tridymite, whereas epiebnerite possesses an ABW-type zeolite structure.

The new mineral naalasite (IMA2023–027), NaAl(AsO3OH)2⋅H2O, was found at the Torrecillas mine, Iquique Province, Chile, where it is a secondary alteration phase associated with anhydrite, juansilvaite, magnesiokoritnigite and a lavendulan-like phase. Naalasite occurs in tightly intergrown aggregates and druses of equant crystals. Crystals are light to medium pink and transparent, with vitreous lustre and white streak. The Mohs hardness is ~3½. The density is 3.19(2) g⋅cm–3. Optically, naalasite is uniaxial (+), with ω = 1.630(3) and ɛ = 1.660(3) (white light). The empirical formula (based on 9 O apfu) is Na0.92Al0.61Fe3+0.39As2O9H4.07. Naalasite is trigonal, space group R32, with cell parameters: a = 8.494(4), c = 26.430(13) Å, V = 1651.5(4) Å3 and Z = 9. The structure, refined to R1 = 3.78% for 641 I > 2σI reflections, is based on a loose 3D framework of alternating AsO3OH tetrahedra and AlO6 octahedra. The structure is topologically equivalent to that of nafeasite and can be regarded as its Al analogue, even though nafeasite is monoclinic with space group C2.

Plumboperloffite, PbMn2+2Fe3+2(PO4)3(OH)3, is a new mineral and member of the bjarebyite group from Wiperaminga Hill West Quarry, Boolcoomatta Reserve, Olary Province, South Australia, Australia. The mineral was found in a single cavity in triplite–barbosalite matrix associated with fluorapatite, phosphosiderite, natrodufrénite and fluorite. The mineral forms intergrowths of subparallel, thin tabular to bladed crystals. Individual crystals are up to 40 μm in length. Plumboperloffite is brownish orange in colour with a vitreous lustre. The mineral has brittle tenacity, an excellent cleavage on {100} and uneven fracture. The calculated density is 4.416 g/cm3. Plumboperloffite is biaxial (+), α = 1.87(1), β = 1.88(1) and γ = 1.89(1) as measured in white light. The measured 2V is 88(1)°. Dispersion is apparently strong, based on extinction colours and the orientation is Y = b. The pleochroism in shades of yellow brown is X < Z < Y. Electron microprobe analysis gave the empirical formula (based on 15 O apfu) (Pb0.92Ca0.04Ba0.01K0.01)Σ0.98(Mn2+1.84Fe2+0.13)Σ1.97(Fe3+1.97Al0.03)Σ2.00(P3.01O11.94)(OH)Σ3.06. Plumboperloffite is monoclinic, space group P21/m with a = 9.1765(18), b = 12.340(3), c = 5.0092(10) Å, β = 101.01(3)°, V = 556.8(2) Å3 and Z = 2. The crystal structure has been refined using X-ray single-crystal data to a final R1 = 0.0207 on the basis of 1417 reflections with Fo > 4σ(Fo). The mineral is isostructural with members of the bjarebyite-group minerals.

Bimbowrieite, NaMgFe3+5(PO4)4(OH)6⋅2H2O, is a new mineral found in a mineralogically zoned rare-element bearing pegmatite at the White Rock No.2 quarry, Bimbowrie Conservation Park, South Australia, Australia. Crystals are dark olive green to greenish brown and are bladed with dimensions of up to 150 μm. Crystals occur as aggregates up to 0.4 mm across associated with ushkovite, bermanite, leucophosphite and sellaite. Bimbowrieite is pleochroic, biaxial (+), with α = 1.785(5), β = 1.795(5), γ = 1.805(5) and 2V(meas.) = 89.4(5)°. The average of 28 chemical analyses gave the empirical formula: (Na0.81Ca0.19)Σ1.00(Mg0.75Mn2+0.19Fe2+0.05)Σ0.99(Fe3+4.99Al0.01)Σ5.00(PO4)3.97(OH)5.88⋅2.05 H2O based on 24 oxygen atoms. Bimbowrieite is monoclinic, space group C2/c with a = 25.944(5), b = 5.1426(10), c = 13.870(3 Å, β = 111.60(3)°, V = 1720.4(7) Å3 and Z = 4. The crystal structure was refined to R1 = 1.97% for 1060 observed reflections with F0 > 4σ(F0). Bimbowrieite is isostructural with dufrénite. The structure is based on a trimer of face-sharing octahedra in which an M2 octahedra shares two trans faces with two M4 octahedra. Trimers link in the c-direction by sharing corners with two M3 octahedra and with T1 and T2 tetrahedra. Linkage in the a-direction is via corner-sharing M1 octahedra and linkage in the b-direction is via corner-sharing T1 and T2 tetrahedra.

Rewitzerite, K(H2O)Mn2(Al2Ti)(PO4)4[O(OH)](H2O)10⋅4H2O, is a new monoclinic member of the paulkerrite group, from the Hagendorf-Süd pegmatite, Oberpfalz, Bavaria, Germany. It was found in specimens of altered zwieselite, in association with rockbridgeite. Rewitzerite forms clusters of colourless elongated hexagonal-shaped prisms, up to 0.1 mm long. The crystals are flattened on {010} and elongated along [100], with forms {010}, {001}, {111} and {$\bar{1}$11}. The calculated density is 2.33 g⋅cm–3. Optically, rewitzerite crystals are biaxial (+), with α = 1.585(2), β = 1.586(2), γ = 1.615(2) (measured in white light) and 2V(meas) = 25(2)°. The empirical formula from electron microprobe analyses and structure refinement is A1[K0.77(H2O)0.23]A2[H2O] M1(Mn2+0.82Mg0.64Fe3+0.43□0.11)Σ2.00 M2+M3(Al1.51Ti4+1.06Fe3+0.43)Σ3.00(PO4)4 X[(OH)0.54F0.42O1.04]Σ2.00(H2O)10⋅4H2O, where □ = vacancy.

Rewitzerite has monoclinic symmetry with space group P21/c and unit-cell parameters a = 10.444(2) Å, b = 20.445(2) Å, c = 12.2690(10)Å, β = 90.17(3)°, V = 2619.8(6) Å3 and Z = 4. The crystal structure was refined using synchrotron single-crystal data to wRobs = 0.068 for 5894 reflections with I > 3σ(I). The crystal structure has the same topology as that for orthorhombic paulkerrite-group minerals but differs primarily in having an ordering of K+ and H2O molecules in different A sites, whereas they are disordered at a single A site in the orthorhombic members of the group.

The new mineral libbyite (IMA2022-091), (NH4)2(Na2□)[(UO2)2(SO4)3(H2O)]2⋅7H2O, was found in the Blue Lizard mine, San Juan County, Utah, USA, where it occurs as tightly intergrown aggregates of light green–yellow equant crystals in a secondary assemblage with bobcookite, coquimbite, halotrichite, metavoltine, rhomboclase, römerite, tamarugite, voltaite and zincorietveldite. The streak is very pale green yellow and the fluorescence is strong green under 405 nm ultraviolet light. Crystals are transparent with vitreous lustre. The tenacity is brittle, the Mohs hardness is ~2½, the fracture is curved. The mineral is soluble in H2O and has a calculated density of 3.465 g⋅cm–3. The mineral is optically uniaxial (–) with ω = 1.581(2) and ɛ = 1.540(2). Electron microprobe analyses provided (NH4)1.92K0.08Na2.00U4.00S6.00O41H18.00. Libbyite is tetragonal, P41212, a = 10.7037(11), c = 31.824(2) Å, V = 3646.0(8) Å3 and Z = 4. The structural unit is a uranyl–sulfate sheet that has the same topology as the sheets in several synthetic uranyl selenates.

The new mineral zincorietveldite (IMA2022-070), Zn(UO2)(SO4)2(H2O)5, was found in the Blue Lizard mine, San Juan County, Utah, USA, where it occurs as yellow to orange–yellow blades in a secondary assemblage with bobcookite, coquimbite, halotrichite, libbyite, metavoltine, rhomboclase, römerite, tamarugite and voltaite. The streak is very pale yellow. Crystals are transparent with vitreous lustre. The tenacity is brittle, the Mohs hardness is ~2½ and the fracture is curved. Cleavage is excellent on {010}, good on {100} and fair on {001}. The mineral is easily soluble in H2O and has a calculated density of 3.376 g⋅cm–3. The mineral is optically biaxial (+) with α = 1.568(2), β = 1.577(2) and γ = 1.595(2); 2V = 70(1)°. Electron microprobe analyses provided (Zn0.720Mg0.109Fe0.091Mn0.046Co0.035)Σ1.00(UO2)(SO4)2(H2O)5. Zincorietveldite is orthorhombic, Pmn21, a = 12.8712(9), b = 8.3148(4), c = 11.2959(4) Å, V = 1208.90(11) Å3 and Z = 4. Zincorietveldite is the Zn analogue of rietveldite. The structural unit is a uranyl-sulfate chain that is also found in the structures of bobcookite, oldsite, oppenheimerite and svornostite.

The new mineral alumolukrahnite (IMA2022–059), CaCu2+Al(AsO4)2(OH)(H2O), was found at the Jote mine, Copiapó Province, Chile, where it is a secondary alteration phase associated with conichalcite, coronadite, gypsum, olivenite, pharmacosiderite, rruffite and scorodite. Alumolukrahnite occurs as crude diamond-shaped tablets up to ~0.1 mm, intergrown in crude spherical aggregates. Crystals are apple green and transparent to translucent, with vitreous lustre and a white streak. The Mohs hardness is 3½. The mineral is brittle with irregular fracture and no cleavage. The calculated density is 4.094 g cm–3. Optically, alumolukrahnite is biaxial (+) with α = 1.73(1), β = 1.74(1) and γ = 1.76(1) (white light). The empirical formula, determined from electron microprobe analyses, is Ca1.01(Cu0.92Zn0.13)Σ1.05(Al0.96Fe0.01)Σ0.97(As0.985O4)2(OH)0.88(H2O)1.12. Alumolukrahnite is triclinic, P$\bar{1}$, a = 5.343(5), b = 5.501(5), c = 7.329(5) Å, α = 67.72(2), β = 69.06(2), γ = 69.42(2)°, V = 180.3(3) Å3 and Z = 1. Alumolukrahnite is a member of the tsumcorite group and is the Al analogue of lukrahnite.

The new mineral shinarumpite (IMA2021-105), [Co(H2O)6][(UO2)(SO4)2(H2O)]⋅4H2O, was found in the Scenic mine on Fry Mesa, White Canyon district, San Juan County, Utah, USA, where it occurs as a secondary phase on granular quartz matrix in association with gypsum, deliensite, Co-rich rietveldite, scenicite, shumwayite and sulfur. Shinarumpite crystals are transparent, yellow, blades or prisms, up to 1 mm in length. The mineral has white streak, vitreous lustre and is nonfluorescent. It is brittle with irregular, curved fracture. The Mohs hardness is ~2½ and it has a perfect {100} cleavage. The density is 2.58(2) g⋅cm–3. Optically, the mineral is biaxial (–) with α = 1.515(2), β = 1.526(2), γ = 1.529(2) (white light); 2V = 55(1)°; extreme r < v dispersion; orientation: Z = b, X ^ a = 30° in obtuse β; pleochroism: X = very pale yellow, Y = pale yellow, Z = light yellow; X < Y < Z. The Raman spectrum exhibits bands consistent with UO22+, SO42– and O–H. Electron microprobe analysis provided the empirical formula [(Co0.51Ni0.28Fe0.21)Σ1.00(H2O)6][(UO2)(SO4)2(H2O)]⋅4H2O. The five strongest powder X-ray diffraction lines are [dobs Å(I)(hkl)]: 10.37(100)(200), 5.73(43)(111), 5.20(70)(400, 202, 211), 4.70(31)($\bar{3}$11) and 3.326(30)(213, 021). Shinarumpite is monoclinic, P21/c, a = 21.0549(15), b = 6.8708(5), c = 12.9106(5), β = 96.678(7)°, V = 1885.03(17) Å3 and Z = 4. In the structure of shinarumpite (R1 = 0.0336 for 2623 I > 2σI), linkages of pentagonal bipyramids and tetrahedra form an infinite [(UO2)(SO4)2(H2O)]2– sheet. Isolated Co(H2O)6 octahedra and H2O groups occupy the interlayer region linking the sheets via an extensive system of hydrogen bonds. The structure of shinarumpite is very similar to that of leydetite. Uranyl sulfate structural unit types are discussed with respect to frequency and charge deficiency per anion (CDA).

The new mineral pohlite (IMA2022–043), Pb7(IO3)(OH)4Cl9, was found at La Compania mine, Sierra Gorda, Antofagasta Province, Antofagasta, Chile, where it occurs in cavities in an oxidised portion of a quartz vein in association with massive aragonite and anhydrite. Pohlite crystals are transparent, colourless to pale grey blades, up to 4 mm in length. The mineral has a white streak, adamantine lustre and is nonfluorescent. It is brittle with irregular, conchoidal fracture. The Mohs hardness is ~2½ and it has no cleavage. The calculated density is 5.838(2) g cm–3. Optically, the mineral is biaxial (+) with α < 2.01(est.), β = 2.02 (calc.), γ = 2.05 (calc.); 2V = 60(5)°; moderate r > v dispersion; orientation: Y ∧ a ≈ 20°, Z ∧ b ≈ 30°; and is nonpleochroic. The Raman spectrum exhibits bands consistent with IO3– and O–H. Electron microprobe analysis provided the empirical formula Pb6.74I1.00Cl9.29O6.71H4.23. The five strongest powder X-ray diffraction lines are [dobs Å(I)(hkl)]: 3.818(91)(023, 122, 1$\bar{2}$1), 3.674(85)($\bar{1}\bar{2}$1, $\bar{1}$22, 200, 104), 3.399(47)($\bar{2}$10, 210, $\bar{1}$04), 2.378(100)(302, 041, $\bar{2}$24) and 1.9943(45)(multiple). Pohlite is triclinic, P$\bar{1}$, a = 7.3366(5), b = 9.5130(9), c = 16.2434(15) Å, α = 81.592(7), β = 84.955(7), γ = 89.565(6)°, V = 1117.13(17) Å3 and Z = 2. The structure of pohlite (R1 = 0.0328 for 3394 I > 2σI) contains two types of clusters, a [Pb4(OH)3]5+ cluster formed by short Pb–O bonds and a [Pb3(OH)(IO3)]28+ ‘double cluster’ formed by short I–O bonds and short- to medium-length Pb–O bonds. Long Pb–Cl and I–Cl bonds link the clusters together in three dimensions.