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At least half of the local galaxies reside in galaxy groups, which indicates that the group is the common environment where galaxies evolve. Therefore, it is important to probe how significantly galaxies are affected by group environmental processes, in order to obtain a better understanding of galaxy evolution. We carried out a new CO imaging survey for 31 galaxies in the IC 1459 and NGC 4636 groups, using the Atacama Compact Array, to study the effect of the group environment on the molecular gas properties and the star formation activity. With our resolved CO data, combined with high-resolution H i images, we find asymmetric CO and H i distributions in the group galaxies. Compared to isolated galaxies, group members have relatively low molecular gas fraction and low star formation rate. These results suggest that the group environment can change the properties of cold gas components and star formation in group galaxies.
To examine the prevalence of the C677T polymorphism of the methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene and the A2756G polymorphism of methionine synthase (MS), and their impact on antidepressant response.
We screened 224 subjects (52% female, mean age 39 ± 11 years) with SCID-diagnosed major depressive disorder (MDD), and obtained 194 genetic samples. 49 subjects (49% female, mean age 36 ± 11 years) participated in a 12-week open clinical trial of fluoxetine 20–60 mg/day. Association between clinical response and C677T and A2756G polymorphisms, folate, B12, and homocysteine was examined.
Prevalence of the C677T and A2756G polymorphisms was consistent with previous reports (C/C = 41%, C/T = 47%, T/T = 11%, A/A = 66%, A/G = 29%, G/G = 4%). In the fluoxetine-treated subsample (n = 49), intent-to-treat (ITT) response rates were 47% for C/C subjects and 46% for pooled C/T and T/T subjects (nonsignificant). ITT response rates were 38% for A/A subjects and 60% for A/G subjects (nonsignificant), with no subjects exhibiting the G/G homozygote. Mean baseline plasma B12 was significantly lower in A/G subjects compared to A/A, but folate and homocysteine levels were not affected by genetic status. Plasma folate was negatively associated with treatment response.
The C677T and A2756G polymorphisms did not significantly affect antidepressant response. These preliminary findings require replication in larger samples.
A high molecular weight, photocurable inorganic-organic hybrid based on ladder-like poly(phenyl6-co-methacrylate4)silsesquioxanes (LPPMA64) was investigated as a flexible display substrate. Photocured free standing films with 40μm thickness showed high transparency (>95%), excellent thermal stability (Td >450°C), and low coefficient of thermal expansion (38ppm/K) without the use of reinforced glass fibers. Furthermore, these ladder-like structured materials did not require any thermal treatment processes due to the negligible amounts of uncondensed groups, thus simplifying manufacturing processing. These novel hybrid films present an alternative to organic plastics as flexible electronic device substrates due to their excellent optical and thermal properties.
The film properties of two PECVD deposited dielectric copper barrier filmshave been optimized to improve BEOL device reliability in terms ofelectromigration. Two critical aspects that affect electromigration are thedielectric barrier film hermeticity and adhesion to copper. We use a methodto quantify the barrier film hermeticity and have optimized the hermeticityof the BLOκ™ low-κ dielectric barrier film to be similar to that of siliconnitride. By using FT-IR we find that the film porosity has a much strongereffect than the film stoichiometry on hermeticity. In addition, theinterfaces between Damascene Nitride™ with copper, as well as BLOκ withcopper have been engineered to improve the interfacial adhesion energy to>10 J/m2 for both Damascene Nitride and BLOκ.
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