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Identifying the Big Questions in paleontology: a community-driven project
Jansen A. Smith, Elizabeth M. Dowding, Ahmed A. Abdelhady, Paolo Abondio, Ricardo Araújo, Tracy Aze, Mairin A. Balisi, Luis A. Buatois, Humberto Carvajal-Chitty, Devapriya Chattopadhyay, Mario Coiro, Gregory P. Dietl, Catalina González Arango, Charalampos Kevrekidis, Julien Kimmig, Alexis M. Mychajliw, Catalina Pimiento, Omar Rafael Regalado Fernández, Katlin M. Schroeder, Rachel C. M. Warnock, Tzu-Ruei Yang, Moriaki Yasuhara, Lailah Gifty Akita, Bethany J. Allen, Brendan M. Anderson, Jérémy Andréoletti, Fernando M. Archuby, Gustavo A. Ballen, Md. Ibrahimul Bari, Michael J. Benton, Eugene W. Bergh, Luciano Brambilla, Anieke Brombacher, Yong Kit Samuel Chan, Alfio Alessandro Chiarenza, Tsogtbaatar Chinzorig, Kadane M. Coates, David R. Cordie, Miguel Cortés-Sánchez, Eduardo J. Cruz-Vega, Jonathan D. Cybulski, Kenneth De Baets, Julia De Entrambasaguas, Erin M. Dillon, Andrew Du, Alexander M. Dunhill, Jon M. Erlandson, Marie-Béatrice Forel, William J. Foster, Terry A. Gates, Alexandra Gavryushkina, Molly K. Grace, Hans-Peter Grossart, Patrick Hänsel, Paul G. Harnik, Melanie Jane Hopkins, Samantha S. B. Hopkins, Keyi Hu, Huai-Hsuan M. Huang, Randall B. Irmis, Victory A. J. Jaques, Xavier A. Jenkins, Advait M. Jukar, Patricia H. Kelley, Romina G. Kihn, Adiël A. Klompmaker, Ádám T. Kocsis, Jürgen Kriwet, David Lazarus, Chun-Chi Liao, Chien-Hsiang Lin, Julien Louys, Jesus Lozano-Fernandez, María Carmen Lozano-Francisco, Jessica A. Lueders-Dumont, Mariano E. Malvé, Rowan C. Martindale, Ilaria Mazzini, Giorgia Modenini, Subhronil Mondal, Mariana Mondini, Mateo D. Monferran, Laura P. A. Mulvey, Karma Nanglu, Jacqueline M. T. Nguyen, Richard Norris, Aaron O’Dea, Amy L. Ollendorf, Johanset Orihuela, John M. Pandolfi, Telmo Pereira, Alejandra Piro, Roy E. Plotnick, Stephanie M. Plaza-Torres, Arthur Porto, Albert Prieto-Márquez, Surangi W. Punyasena, Tiago B. Quental, Nussaïbah B. Raja, Voajanahary Ranaivosoa, Lauriane Ribas-Deulofeu, Florent Rivals, Vanessa Julie Roden, Antonietta Rosso, Farid Saleh, Rodrigo Brincalepe Salvador, Erin E. Saupe, Simon Schneider, Judith A. Sclafani, Martin R. Smith, Antoine Souron, Manuel J. Steinbauer, Mathew Stewart, Claudia P. Tambussi, Ellen Thomas, Emanuel Tschopp, Thomas Tütken, Sara Varela, Raúl I. Vezzosi, Amelia Villaseñor, Manuel F. G. Weinkauf, Lindsay E. Zanno, Chi Zhang, Qi Zhao, Wolfgang Kiessling
Journal:

Paleobiology / Volume 51 / Issue 3 / August 2025

Published online by Cambridge University Press:

26 September 2025, pp. 408-431
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Paleontology provides insights into the history of the planet, from the origins of life billions of years ago to the biotic changes of the Recent. The scope of paleontological research is as vast as it is varied, and the field is constantly evolving. In an effort to identify “Big Questions” in paleontology, experts from around the world came together to build a list of priority questions the field can address in the years ahead. The 89 questions presented herein (grouped within 11 themes) represent contributions from nearly 200 international scientists. These questions touch on common themes including biodiversity drivers and patterns, integrating data types across spatiotemporal scales, applying paleontological data to contemporary biodiversity and climate issues, and effectively utilizing innovative methods and technology for new paleontological insights. In addition to these theoretical questions, discussions touch upon structural concerns within the field, advocating for an increased valuation of specimen-based research, protection of natural heritage sites, and the importance of collections infrastructure, along with a stronger emphasis on human diversity, equity, and inclusion. These questions offer a starting point—an initial nucleus of consensus that paleontologists can expand on—for engaging in discussions, securing funding, advocating for museums, and fostering continued growth in shared research directions.

Plotinus: The Enneads

2nd edition
Edited and translated by Lloyd Gerson
Translated by George Boys-Stones, John M. Dillon, R. A. H. King, Andrew Smith, James Wilberding
Published online:

11 September 2025

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11 September 2025
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Plotinus' Enneads is a work which is central to the history of philosophy in late antiquity. This is the second edition of the first English translation of the complete works of Plotinus in one volume in seventy years, which also includes Porphyry's Life of Plotinus. Led by Lloyd P. Gerson, a team of experts present up-to-date translations which are based on the best available text, the edition minor of Henry and Schwyzer and its corrections. The translations are consistent in their vocabulary, making the volume ideal for the study of Plotinus' philosophical arguments. This second edition includes a number of corrections, as well as additional cross-references to enrich the reader's understanding of Plotinus' sometimes very difficult presentation of his ideas. It will be invaluable for scholars of Plotinus with or without ancient Greek, as well as for students of the Platonic tradition.

5.2 (11) - On the Generation and Order of the Things Which Come after the First
from Ennead Five
Edited and translated by Lloyd Gerson, University of Toronto
Translated by George Boys-Stones, University of Toronto, John M. Dillon, Trinity College, Dublin, R. A. H. King, Universität Bern, Switzerland, Andrew Smith, University College Dublin, James Wilberding, Ruhr-Universität, Bochum, Germany
Book:

Plotinus: The Enneads

Published online:

11 September 2025

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11 September 2025, pp 552-555
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2.8 (35) - On Seeing, or On How It Is That Distant Things Appear Small
from Ennead Two
Edited and translated by Lloyd Gerson, University of Toronto
Translated by George Boys-Stones, University of Toronto, John M. Dillon, Trinity College, Dublin, R. A. H. King, Universität Bern, Switzerland, Andrew Smith, University College Dublin, James Wilberding, Ruhr-Universität, Bochum, Germany
Book:

Plotinus: The Enneads

Published online:

11 September 2025

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11 September 2025, pp 204-207
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Preface to the Second Edition
Edited and translated by Lloyd Gerson, University of Toronto
Translated by George Boys-Stones, University of Toronto, John M. Dillon, Trinity College, Dublin, R. A. H. King, Universität Bern, Switzerland, Andrew Smith, University College Dublin, James Wilberding, Ruhr-Universität, Bochum, Germany
Book:

Plotinus: The Enneads

Published online:

11 September 2025

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11 September 2025, pp ix-xii
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3.5 (50) - On Love
from Ennead Three
Edited and translated by Lloyd Gerson, University of Toronto
Translated by George Boys-Stones, University of Toronto, John M. Dillon, Trinity College, Dublin, R. A. H. King, Universität Bern, Switzerland, Andrew Smith, University College Dublin, James Wilberding, Ruhr-Universität, Bochum, Germany
Book:

Plotinus: The Enneads

Published online:

11 September 2025

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11 September 2025, pp 293-306
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3.2–3 (47 and 48) - On Providence
from Ennead Three
Edited and translated by Lloyd Gerson, University of Toronto
Translated by George Boys-Stones, University of Toronto, John M. Dillon, Trinity College, Dublin, R. A. H. King, Universität Bern, Switzerland, Andrew Smith, University College Dublin, James Wilberding, Ruhr-Universität, Bochum, Germany
Book:

Plotinus: The Enneads

Published online:

11 September 2025

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11 September 2025, pp 251-284
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5.9 (5) - On Intellect, Ideas, and Being
from Ennead Five
Edited and translated by Lloyd Gerson, University of Toronto
Translated by George Boys-Stones, University of Toronto, John M. Dillon, Trinity College, Dublin, R. A. H. King, Universität Bern, Switzerland, Andrew Smith, University College Dublin, James Wilberding, Ruhr-Universität, Bochum, Germany
Book:

Plotinus: The Enneads

Published online:

11 September 2025

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11 September 2025, pp 629-642
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1.9 (16) - On Exiting from the Body
from Ennead One
Edited and translated by Lloyd Gerson, University of Toronto
Translated by George Boys-Stones, University of Toronto, John M. Dillon, Trinity College, Dublin, R. A. H. King, Universität Bern, Switzerland, Andrew Smith, University College Dublin, James Wilberding, Ruhr-Universität, Bochum, Germany
Book:

Plotinus: The Enneads

Published online:

11 September 2025

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11 September 2025, pp 126-127
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4.8 (6) - On the Descent of Souls into Bodies
from Ennead Four
Edited and translated by Lloyd Gerson, University of Toronto
Translated by George Boys-Stones, University of Toronto, John M. Dillon, Trinity College, Dublin, R. A. H. King, Universität Bern, Switzerland, Andrew Smith, University College Dublin, James Wilberding, Ruhr-Universität, Bochum, Germany
Book:

Plotinus: The Enneads

Published online:

11 September 2025

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11 September 2025, pp 513-525
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Fragment: Plotinus on Voluntary Death, by Elias
from Ennead One
Edited and translated by Lloyd Gerson, University of Toronto
Translated by George Boys-Stones, University of Toronto, John M. Dillon, Trinity College, Dublin, R. A. H. King, Universität Bern, Switzerland, Andrew Smith, University College Dublin, James Wilberding, Ruhr-Universität, Bochum, Germany
Book:

Plotinus: The Enneads

Published online:

11 September 2025

Print publication:

11 September 2025, pp 128-128
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6.6 (34) - On Numbers
from Ennead Six
Edited and translated by Lloyd Gerson, University of Toronto
Translated by George Boys-Stones, University of Toronto, John M. Dillon, Trinity College, Dublin, R. A. H. King, Universität Bern, Switzerland, Andrew Smith, University College Dublin, James Wilberding, Ruhr-Universität, Bochum, Germany
Book:

Plotinus: The Enneads

Published online:

11 September 2025

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11 September 2025, pp 777-801
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4.1 (21) - On the Substantiality of the Soul 2
from Ennead Four
Edited and translated by Lloyd Gerson, University of Toronto
Translated by George Boys-Stones, University of Toronto, John M. Dillon, Trinity College, Dublin, R. A. H. King, Universität Bern, Switzerland, Andrew Smith, University College Dublin, James Wilberding, Ruhr-Universität, Bochum, Germany
Book:

Plotinus: The Enneads

Published online:

11 September 2025

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11 September 2025, pp 379-380
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5.4 (7) - How That Which Is After the First Comes from the First, and on the One
from Ennead Five
Edited and translated by Lloyd Gerson, University of Toronto
Translated by George Boys-Stones, University of Toronto, John M. Dillon, Trinity College, Dublin, R. A. H. King, Universität Bern, Switzerland, Andrew Smith, University College Dublin, James Wilberding, Ruhr-Universität, Bochum, Germany
Book:

Plotinus: The Enneads

Published online:

11 September 2025

Print publication:

11 September 2025, pp 580-584
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1.1 (53) - What Is the Living Being and What Is the Human Being?
from Ennead One
Edited and translated by Lloyd Gerson, University of Toronto
Translated by George Boys-Stones, University of Toronto, John M. Dillon, Trinity College, Dublin, R. A. H. King, Universität Bern, Switzerland, Andrew Smith, University College Dublin, James Wilberding, Ruhr-Universität, Bochum, Germany
Book:

Plotinus: The Enneads

Published online:

11 September 2025

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11 September 2025, pp 43-55
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On the Life of Plotinus and the Order of His Books by Porphyry of Tyre
Edited and translated by Lloyd Gerson, University of Toronto
Translated by George Boys-Stones, University of Toronto, John M. Dillon, Trinity College, Dublin, R. A. H. King, Universität Bern, Switzerland, Andrew Smith, University College Dublin, James Wilberding, Ruhr-Universität, Bochum, Germany
Book:

Plotinus: The Enneads

Published online:

11 September 2025

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11 September 2025, pp 18-40
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5.7 (18) - On Whether or Not There Are Ideas of Individuals
from Ennead Five
Edited and translated by Lloyd Gerson, University of Toronto
Translated by George Boys-Stones, University of Toronto, John M. Dillon, Trinity College, Dublin, R. A. H. King, Universität Bern, Switzerland, Andrew Smith, University College Dublin, James Wilberding, Ruhr-Universität, Bochum, Germany
Book:

Plotinus: The Enneads

Published online:

11 September 2025

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11 September 2025, pp 609-612
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6.9 (9) - On the Good or the One
from Ennead Six
Edited and translated by Lloyd Gerson, University of Toronto
Translated by George Boys-Stones, University of Toronto, John M. Dillon, Trinity College, Dublin, R. A. H. King, Universität Bern, Switzerland, Andrew Smith, University College Dublin, James Wilberding, Ruhr-Universität, Bochum, Germany
Book:

Plotinus: The Enneads

Published online:

11 September 2025

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11 September 2025, pp 884-902
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2.3 (52) - On Whether the Stars Are Causes
from Ennead Two
Edited and translated by Lloyd Gerson, University of Toronto
Translated by George Boys-Stones, University of Toronto, John M. Dillon, Trinity College, Dublin, R. A. H. King, Universität Bern, Switzerland, Andrew Smith, University College Dublin, James Wilberding, Ruhr-Universität, Bochum, Germany
Book:

Plotinus: The Enneads

Published online:

11 September 2025

Print publication:

11 September 2025, pp 147-165
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2.1 (40) - On the Cosmos
from Ennead Two
Edited and translated by Lloyd Gerson, University of Toronto
Translated by George Boys-Stones, University of Toronto, John M. Dillon, Trinity College, Dublin, R. A. H. King, Universität Bern, Switzerland, Andrew Smith, University College Dublin, James Wilberding, Ruhr-Universität, Bochum, Germany
Book:

Plotinus: The Enneads

Published online:

11 September 2025

Print publication:

11 September 2025, pp 131-141
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242 results

Identifying the Big Questions in paleontology: a community-driven project

Plotinus: The Enneads

5.2 (11) - On the Generation and Order of the Things Which Come after the First

2.8 (35) - On Seeing, or On How It Is That Distant Things Appear Small

Preface to the Second Edition

3.5 (50) - On Love

3.2–3 (47 and 48) - On Providence

5.9 (5) - On Intellect, Ideas, and Being

1.9 (16) - On Exiting from the Body

4.8 (6) - On the Descent of Souls into Bodies

Fragment: Plotinus on Voluntary Death, by Elias

6.6 (34) - On Numbers

4.1 (21) - On the Substantiality of the Soul 2

5.4 (7) - How That Which Is After the First Comes from the First, and on the One

1.1 (53) - What Is the Living Being and What Is the Human Being?

On the Life of Plotinus and the Order of His Books by Porphyry of Tyre

5.7 (18) - On Whether or Not There Are Ideas of Individuals

6.9 (9) - On the Good or the One

2.3 (52) - On Whether the Stars Are Causes

2.1 (40) - On the Cosmos

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242 results

Plotinus: The Enneads