We discuss the geometry of rational maps from a projective space of an arbitrary dimension to the product of projective spaces of lower dimensions induced by linear projections. In particular, we give an algebro-geometric variant of the projective reconstruction theorem by Hartley and Schaffalitzky.

We fabricated a laser diode (LD) exhibiting a lasing from strained GaInAs quantum wells (QWs) embedded in Er,O-codoped GaAs (GaAs:Er,O) by organometallic vapor phase epitaxy (OMVPE). The lasing wavelength was designed to tune to the energy separation between the second excited states 4I11/2 and the ground state 4I15/2 of Er3+ ions. The threshold current for the lasing at room temperature was six times larger than that of a GaInAs QW-LD without Er doping, reflecting ultrafast carrier capture by an Er-related trap in GaAs:Er,O. The Er intensity revealed initially steep increase with injected current density in the region for spontaneous emission from the GaInAs QWs. In the stimulated QW emission region, the intensity continued to increase with the current density.

The acute systemic administration of a schizophrenomimetic phencyclidine [5 or 10 mg/kg, subcutaneously (s.c.)] markedly up-regulated the neocortical expression of the CCN1 gene encoding a secreted extracellular matrix-associated protein at postnatal day 56, but not at postnatal day 8, after 60 min in the mouse and rat. The development-dependent nature of the up-regulation between postnatal days 8 and 56 seems to be similar to that of the adult type phencyclidine-induced abnormal behaviours, which have been considered to be models of schizophrenic symptoms. In the young adult rat, 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg phencyclidine (given s.c.) induced an increase in the CCN1 gene transcripts in a dose-related and bell-shaped manner with a maximum at the dose of 10 mg/kg, 60 min post-injection. Other schizophrenomimetics, dizocilpine (1 mg/kg) and methamphetamine (4.8 mg/kg), also caused a prominent up-regulation of the neocortical expression of the CCN1 gene in adult rats. These results indicate that the CCN1 gene or protein could be implicated in a molecular cascade associated with the age-dependent onset of schizophrenia that usually occurs after puberty.

Hydrogen adsorption by graphite is examined by classical molecular dynamics simulation using a modified Brenner reactive empirical bond order (REBO) potential. Such interactions are typical in chemical sputtering experiments, and knowledge of the fundamental behavior of hydrogen and graphene in collisional conditions is essential for modeling the sputtering mechanism. The hydrogen adsorption rate is found to be dependent on the incident hydrogen energy and not on graphene temperature. Rather than destroying the graphene, hydrogen incidence at energies of less than 100 eV can be classified into three regimes of adsorption, reflection and penetration through one or more graphene layers. Incidence at the lowest energies is shown to distort the graphene structure.

The response of the shore crab Gaetice depressus to predation risk stimuli of either the octopus Octopus vulgaris or crushed conspecifics was examined at two different time phases in the activity rhythm (active and inactive period) by laboratory experiments. When octopus chemical stimuli were introduced to the experimental aquarium, the crab activity decreased in the active period (night) but not in the inactive period (daytime). When the chemical stimuli of crushed G. depressus were introduced, the activity of the crabs increased in the inactive period although the stimuli decreased the activity in the active period. This indicates that G. depressus adjust their anti-predator response according to a combination of the type of predation risk and also the activity rhythm.

Reproductive phenology among temperate hermit crabs, reproductive seasons of nine sympatric species and some reproductive characteristics of four Pagurus species were investigated in Tosa Bay, southern Shikoku, Japan. Females of P. filholi, P. maculosus, P. minutus and P. nigrivittatus had clutches mainly in winter and were found to breed multiple clutches within each reproductive season while four Diogenidae species and P. japonicus mainly reproduced in summer, suggesting that interspecific variation in reproductive phenology of temperate hermit crabs might be determined by allopatric adaptation with phylogenic constraints. There was interspecific variation in the length of reproductive seasons among the four Pagurus species and the variation was considered to reflect the interspecific difference in the number of clutches per reproductive season, not in the ovigerous period per clutch. The length of reproductive seasons among the four species seemed to relate to maturity size and/or interspecific differences in thermal adaptation.

A RESURF-type JFET is a suitable structure as a lateral switching device with a breakdown voltage of above 600 V for an inverter module which drives motors of an electric or hybrid automobile. In this study, 600 V RESURF-type JFETs were fabricated to investigate the operation and characteristics. The drift region between the drain and the source areas has a double RESURF structure to reduce the on-resistance. At first, small devices were fabricated. The width and length of the channel are 200 μm and 10 μm, respectively. The distance between the drain and the gate areas, which is the drift length, is 15 μm. The saturation current normally-off device is about 0.6 mA at a gate voltage of 3 V. The specific on-resistance is about 160mωcm2. The maximum breakdown voltage is 720 V. Next, large ones were fabricated. The width of the channel is 80 mm. The saturation current normally-on device is about 0.5 A at a gate voltage of 2 V. The specific on-resistance is about 200mωcm2. The maximum breakdown voltage is 250 V.

We have investigated physical and electrical properties of Al2O3, HfO2, and their alloy films deposited on 300mm Si wafers by Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD). It is found that Al2O3 films are not crystallized even after the heat treatment of 1050°C, while HfO2 films are already crystallized even after a-Si deposition (530°C). The crystallization temperature can be higher by adding Al2O3 to HfO2. It is confirmed by in-plane XRD and plane views of TEM that HfAlOx films with lower Hf content (Hf/(Hf+Al) <30%) are amorphous without phase separation after annealing at 1050°C and 5sec. The dependences of equivalent oxide thicknesses (EOT) on the physical thicknesses of Al2O3, HfAlOx (Hf/(Hf+Al)∼22%), and HfO2 films in poly-silicon gate capacitors indicate that those dielectric constants k are ∼9, 14, and 23, respectively. The gate dielectric with EOT of 1.5nm and the leakage current density Jg of 3mA/cm2 can be fabricated with 2nm-thick HfAlOx (22%) film.

We propose the application of ZnO:X (X = Li, Mg, N, In, Al, Mn, Gd, Yb etc.) films for a monolithic Optical Integrated Circuit (OIC). Since ZnO exhibits excellent piezoelectric effect and has also electro-optic and nonlinear optic effects and the thin films are easily obtained, it has been studied as one of the important thin film wave guide materials especially for an acoustooptic device[1]. In terms of electro-optic and nonlinear optic effects, however, LiNbO3 or LiTaO3 is superior to ZnO. The most important issue of thin film waveguide using such ferroelectrics is optical losses at the film/substrate interface and the film surface, because the process window to control the surface morphology is very narrow due to their high deposition temperature. Since ZnO can be grown at extremely low temperature, the roughness at the surface and the interface is expected to be minimized. This is the absolute requirement especially for waveguide using a blue or ultraviolet laser. Recently, lasing at the wavelength of ultraviolet, ferroelectric and antiferromagnetic behaviors of ZnO doped with various exotic elements (exotic doping) have been reported. This paper discusses the OIC application of ZnO thin films doped with exotic elements.