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45 results

Page 1 of 3

  • Vitamin D, periodontitis and tooth loss in older Irish adults

  • Lewis Winning, Siobhan Scarlett, Michael Crowe, Michael O’Sullivan, Rose Anne Kenny, Brian O’Connell
  • Journal:
    British Journal of Nutrition / Volume 132 / Issue 4 / 28 August 2024
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    18 September 2024, pp. 503-511
    Print publication:
    28 August 2024
    • Article
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  • The aim of this study is to investigate whether 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) is associated with periodontitis and tooth loss in older adults. A total of 2346 adults underwent a detailed dental examination as part of the health assessment of a national population study – The Irish Longitudinal Study of Ageing. 25(OH)D analysis was performed on frozen non-fasting total plasma using LC-MS. The analysis included both multiple logistic regression and multinominal logistic regression to investigate associations between 25(OH)D concentration, periodontitis and tooth loss, adjusting for a range of potential confounders. Results of the analysis found the mean age of participants was 65·3 years (sd 8·2) and 55·3 % of the group were female. Based on the quintile of 25(OH)D concentration, participants in the lowest v. highest quintile had an OR of 1·57 (95 % CI 1·16, 2·13; P < 0·01) of having periodontitis in the fully adjusted model. For tooth loss, participants in the lowest v. highest quintile of 25(OH)D had a RRR of 1·55 (95 % CI 1·12, 2·13; P < 0·01) to have 1–19 teeth and a RRR of 1·96 (95 % CI 1·20, 3·21; P < 0·01) to be edentulous, relative to those with ≥ 20 teeth in the fully adjusted models. These findings demonstrate that in this cross-sectional study of older men and women from Ireland, 25(OH)D concentration was associated with both periodontitis and tooth loss, independent of other risk factors.

  • Longitudinal PTSD network structure: measuring PTSD symptom networks over 5 years

  • Michael L. Crowe, Kelly L. Harper, Samantha J. Moshier, Terence M. Keane, Brian P. Marx
  • Journal:
    Psychological Medicine / Volume 53 / Issue 8 / June 2023
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    28 March 2022, pp. 3525-3532
  • Background

    Network modeling has been applied in a range of trauma-exposed samples, yet results are limited by an over reliance on cross-sectional data. The current analyses used posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom data collected over a 5-year period to estimate a more robust between-subject network and an associated symptom change network.

    Methods

    A PTSD symptom network is measured in a sample of military veterans across four time points (Ns = 1254, 1231, 1106, 925). The repeated measures permit isolating between-subject associations by limiting the effects of within-subject variability. The result is a highly reliable PTSD symptom network. A symptom slope network depicting covariation of symptom change over time is also estimated.

    Results

    Negative trauma-related emotions had particularly strong associations with the network. Trauma-related amnesia, sleep disturbance, and self-destructive behavior had weaker overall associations with other PTSD symptoms.

    Conclusions

    PTSD's network structure appears stable over time. There is no single ‘most important’ node or node cluster. The relevance of self-destructive behavior, sleep disturbance, and trauma-related amnesia to the PTSD construct may deserve additional consideration.

  • Foreign Policy‐Making: Reflections of a Practitioner*

  • Brian L. Crowe
  • Journal:
    Government and Opposition / Volume 28 / Issue 2 / 01 April 1993
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    28 March 2014, pp. 174-189

  • The Impact of Domestic Policy on International relations and vice versa has seldom been more clearly demonstrated than in late autumn 1992, with the near collapse in November of the Uruguay Round and the series of events in the European Community surrounding the Danish and French referenda and Britian's forced withdrawal from the ERM being only the two most glaring examples.

  • The roles of civil society in the development of standards around new weapons and other technologies of warfare

  • Brian Rappert, Richard Moyes, Anna Crowe, Thomas Nash
  • Journal:
    International Review of the Red Cross / Volume 94 / Issue 886 / June 2012
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    02 April 2013, pp. 765-785
    Print publication:
    June 2012

  • This article considers the role of civil society in the development of new standards around weapons. The broad but informal roles that civil society has undertaken are contrasted with the relatively narrow review mechanisms adopted by states in fulfilment of their legal obligations. Such review mechanisms are also considered in the context of wider thinking about processes by which society considers new technologies that may be adopted into the public sphere. The article concludes that formalized review mechanisms, such as those undertaken in terms of Article 36 of Additional Protocol I (1977) of the Geneva Conventions of 1949, should be a focus of civil society attention in their own right as part of efforts to strengthen standard-setting in relation to emerging military technologies.

An Introduction to Post-Colonial Theatre
  • Brian Crow, Chris Banfield
  • Published online:
    26 February 2010
    Print publication:
    21 March 1996
  • In this book Brian Crow and Chris Banfield provide an introduction to post-colonial theatre by concentrating on the work of major dramatists from the Third World and subordinated cultures in the first world. Crow and Banfield consider the plays of such writers as Wole Soyinka and Athol Fugard and his collaborators from Africa; Derek Walcott from the West Indies; August Wilson and Jack Davis, who write from and about the experience of Black communities in the USA and Australia respectively; and Badal Sircar and Girish Karnad from India. Although these dramatists reflect diverse cultures and histories, they share the common condition of cultural subjection or oppression, which has shaped their theatres. Each chapter contains an informative list of primary source material and further reading about the dramatists. The book will be of interest to students and scholars of theatre and cultural history.

  • 39 - MRI of the Brain

  • from PART IV - MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
  • Edited by J. Christian Fox, University of California, Irvine
  • Book:
    Clinical Emergency Radiology
    Published online:
    07 December 2009
    Print publication:
    29 September 2008, pp 521-537

  • Summary

    Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) represents a breakthrough in medical diagnostics and research, and is becoming especially valuable in the evaluation of neurological and musculoskeletal pathology. It remains indispensable in the evaluation of brain tumors, strokes, and chronic demyelinating disorders, including multiple sclerosis. The fundamental concept of MRI is based on resonance; specifically, nuclei of certain atoms, most commonly hydrogen atoms, resonate when placed in powerful magnetic fields. A growing area in the emergent setting that uses MRI involves aortic dissection. MRI is superior to computed tomography (CT) in detecting injuries to soft tissues such as the brain and spinal cord. The lack of widespread availability of MRI and the high cost compared to CT scanning make its use limited in the ED. Additionally, the risk of allergic reaction to the contrast agent (gadolinium) does exist in MRI.

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