This paper presents the radiocarbon context of the megalithic monument El Amarejo 1, situated in the corridor of Almansa in the southern region of La Meseta in Spain. The monument was constructed using small and medium-sized masonry, comprising a short corridor and two separate chambers in which burials were carried out. The results of the 14C analyses of each of the 11 individuals documented indicate that the monument was in use between approximately 1900 and 1200 cal BC. Bayesian modeling of the radiocarbon dates allows for the proposition of hypotheses regarding the construction, utilisation dynamics, and abandonment of the monument. The combination of these new data with the analysis of the 14C dating of other burials from the Bronze Age of La Mancha reveals a complex and heterogeneous panorama. The evidence presented and analyzed in this paper suggests that burial practices associated with fortified settlements and their domestic areas shared space and time with the construction of megalithic monuments located near settlements.

Close encounters or resonances overlaps can create chaotic motion in small bodies in the Solar System. Approaches that measure the separation rate of trajectories that start infinitesimally near, or changes in the frequency power spectrum of time series, among others, can discover chaotic motion. In this paper, we introduce the ACF index (ACFI), which is based on the auto-correlation function of time series. Auto-correlation coefficients measure the correlation of a time-series with a lagged duplicate of itself. By counting the number of auto-correlation coefficients that are larger than 5% after a certain amount of time has passed, we can assess how the time series auto-correlates with each other. This allows for the detection of chaotic time-series characterized by low ACFI values.

Weed control during the fallow year and yields of subsequent winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were lower on unsprayed plots than on plots treated with 2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine (atrazine) at 2 lb/A or 3-amino-l,2,4-triazole (amitrole) at 1/2 lb/A plus 3-(p-chlorophenyl)-l,l-dimethylurea (monuron) at 1 lb/A. The moldboard plow gave the most effective weed control in the winter wheat-fallow rotation followed by the oneway and the sweep plow. Sweep plow tillage left the greatest amount of plant residues on the soil surface to prevent wind and water erosion, but it did not consistently destroy shallow-rooted downy brome (Bromus tectorum L.) plants. Average downy brome stands in winter wheat on fallow plots tilled with the sweep plow, oneway, and moldboard plow were 331, 114, and 16 plants per 54 sq ft, respectively. Winter wheat yields averaged for the sweep plow, oneway, and moldboard plow treatments were 17, 18, and 20 bu/A, respectively. The most feasible method of controlling weeds in a winter wheat-fallow rotation, found in this study, was oneway tillage in combination with the lower herbicide rates.

Early Archaic human skeletal remains found in a burial context in Lapa doSanto in east-central Brazil provide a rare glimpse into the lives ofhunter-gatherer communities in South America, including their rituals fordealing with the dead. These included the reduction of the body by means ofmutilation, defleshing, tooth removal, exposure to fire and possiblycannibalism, followed by the secondary burial of the remains according tostrict rules. In a later period, pits were filled with disarticulated bonesof a single individual without signs of body manipulation, demonstratingthat the region was inhabited by dynamic groups in constant transformationover a period of centuries.

In the Valencia region of Spain, the dominant use of natural caves for collective burials during the Late Neolithic and Chalcolithic periods has been documented. Collective burials are central to the hypothesis about social relationships in Copper Age societies from Iberia, and key to interpreting kinship-based societies. Les Llometes (Alcoi, Alicante) is one of the biggest collective burial sites existing in eastern Iberia. This article presents the direct 14C dates on 25 skeletal remains at the site. The results indicate that the site was used as a burial place from the end of the 5th millennium cal BC until the end of the 4th millennium cal BC, and is a first milestone for future studies that will shed light on the transition towards social structure through the use of a cemetery space. Moreover, this research is one of the few investigations of Late Neolithic collective burials in Iberia that comprises an extensive accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) 14C data set of almost all the individuals reported at a single site. This case also serves to highlight the utility of revisiting materials from historic excavations by 14C dating all the skeletal remains that define the minimum number of individuals, and therefore ensuring a more complete picture of the prehistoric human record.