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54 results

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  • Early architecture in Tonga: implications for the development of Polynesian chiefdoms

  • Geoffrey Clark, Phillip Parton, Christian Reepmeyer
  • Journal:
    Antiquity / Volume 98 / Issue 397 / February 2024
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    20 February 2024, pp. 119-134
    Print publication:
    February 2024
    • Article
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  • Durable architecture is a hallmark of Polynesian chiefdoms, associated with centralised control of residential and agricultural land. Previous work in West Polynesia has indicated a relatively late date for the onset of such construction activity—after AD 1000—suggesting that political development was influenced by events such as post-colonisation migration. The authors report new dating evidence from the excavation of a large earth mound on the island of Tongatapu. Its construction 1500 years ago indicates that, in contrast to previous findings, well-developed chiefdoms and field monuments probably dominated the landscapes of West Polynesia substantially prior to the colonisation of more easterly island nations.

Laparoscopic Urogynaecology
  • Principles and Practice
  • Edited by Christian Phillips, Stephen Jeffery, Barry O'Reilly, Marie Fidela R. Paraiso, Bruno Deval
  • Published online:
    22 September 2022
    Print publication:
    13 October 2022
  • Laparoscopic surgery for the treatment of disorders such as urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse is evolving rapidly with few resources available for clinicians. This text will act as a gold standard reference in the field of laparoscopic urogynaecological surgery. The introductory section covers the basics of laparoscopy, including patient selection, surgical set up and the prevention and management of complications. Further sections focus on different “gold standard” techniques and the procedural steps needed to perform the surgery, including chapters on colposuspension, paravaginal repair, laparoscopic hysterectomy as well as apical suspensory surgery such as sacrocolpopexy and sacrohysteropexy. The final section includes debates and opinion pieces on newer techniques as well as discussion on the use of mesh in treating pelvic organ prolapse. There is also a section addressing the current rise in robotic surgery. The editors and contributors are all experts in the field, providing an authoritative and global view on techniques. Highly illustrated, with videos demonstrating the techniques, this is an eminently practical guide to the use of laparoscopy in urogynaecology.

  • Mortality After Total Anterior Circulation Stroke: A 25-Year Observational Study

  • J. Oliver Neal, Sherry Hu, John Reid, Kara Matheson, Gord Gubitz, Wendy Simpkin, Christine Christian, Stephen Phillips
  • Journal:
    Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Volume 50 / Issue 4 / July 2023
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    20 June 2022, pp. 535-541
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  • Background:

    Mortality remains a substantial problem after acute ischemic stroke, despite advances in acute stroke treatment over the past three decades. Mortality is particularly high among patients with Total Anterior Circulation Stroke (TACS), generally representing patients with middle cerebral artery occlusions. Notably however, these patients also stand to benefit most from new therapies including endovascular thrombectomy (EVT). In this study, we aimed to examine temporal trends in, and factors associated with, 30-day in-hospital mortality after TACS.

    Methods:

    Information on all patients with community-onset TACS from 1994 through 2019 was extracted from a prospective acute stroke registry. Multivariate analysis was performed on the primary outcome of 30-day in-hospital mortality, as well as secondary functional outcomes.

    Results:

    We studied 1106 patients hospitalized for community-onset TACS, 456 (41%) of whom experienced 30-day in-hospital mortality. Over the 25 years of observation, 30-day in-hospital mortality rose and then fell. Increased odds of mortality was associated with age and stroke severity. Decreased odds of mortality was associated with alteplase therapy and EVT, as well as presentation to hospital more than 12 hours after stroke onset. Treatment with alteplase, EVT, or both was associated with higher odds of functional independence and discharge home, and shorter lengths of stay in acute care.

    Conclusions:

    Patients receiving alteplase, EVT, or both had lower 30-day in-hospital mortality and better functional outcomes than those who were untreated. These observational data demonstrate the benefits of recanalization therapy in routine clinical practice.

Our Changing World-View
  • Ten Lectures on Recent Movements of Thought in Science, Economics, Education, Literature and Philosophy
  • Robert Broom, John Patrick Dalton, John Young Thomson Greig, Theodorus Johannes Haarhof, Reinhold Frederick Alfred Hoernlé, Sally Herbert Frankel, Ian D. MacCrone, John Frederick Vicars Phillips, Cecil Sydney Richards, Jan Christian Smuts, Saul Dubow
  • Published by:
    Wits University Press
    Published online:
    12 October 2021
    Print publication:
    01 August 2021
  • Johannesburg was still a brash mining town, better known for the production of wealth than knowledge, and the University of the Witwatersrand a mere ten years old when, in 1932, these ten lectures were delivered under the auspices of the University Philosophical Society. They portrayed the ideas of the university's leading academics of the day, and the programme of lectures reveals a studied effort to introduce an element of bipartisan political representation between English and Afrikaner in South Africa by including Wits' first principal, Jan Hofmeyr, and politician, D.F. Malan, as discussion chairs. Yet, no black intellectuals were represented and, indeed, the politics of racial segregation bursts through the text only in a few of the contributions. For the most part, race is alluded to only in passing. As Saul Dubow explains in his new introduction to this re-issue of the lectures, Our Changing World-View was an occasion for Wits' leading faculty members to position the young university as a mature institution with a leadership role in public affairs. Above all, it was a means to project the university as a research as well as a teaching institution, led by a vigorous and ambitious cohort of liberal-minded intellectuals. That all were male and white will be immediately apparent to readers of this reissued volume. Ranging from economics, psychology, a spurious rebuttal of evolution to a substantial revisionist history and the perils of the 'machine age', this book is a sombre reflection of intellectual history and the academy's role in promulgating political and social divisions in South Africa.

  • 15 - Conclusion

  • from Part V - Conclusion
  • Edited by Andrew Phillips, University of Queensland, Christian Reus-Smit, University of Queensland
  • Book:
    Culture and Order in World Politics
    Published online:
    25 December 2019
    Print publication:
    09 January 2020, pp 319-328

  • Summary

    This chapter concludes Culture and Order in World Politics. It summarizes the book’s central claims, and it considers two implications. It begins by explaining the contribution that the book can make beyond the discipline of international relations, and what it offers for the fields of anthropology, sociology, history, and law, in particular. It then considers the implications of the book’s argument for thinking about contemporary problems of international order.

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