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  • 11 - Oil and American Insecurity

  • from Part II - Challenging a World of States
  • Edited by David C. Engerman, Yale University, Connecticut, Max Paul Friedman, American University, Washington DC, Melani McAlister, George Washington University, Washington DC
  • Book:
    The Cambridge History of America and the World
    Published online:
    12 November 2021
    Print publication:
    03 March 2022, pp 260-280

  • Summary

    The energy crisis of the 1970s marked a crucial global transformation. Higher oil prices caused the greatest peacetime transfer of wealth and the largest single infusion of liquid capital into the global economy in history. Much changed after, but oil diplomacy also emerged out of the previous era. Since 1945, foreign policy and oil security had revolved around the well-being of first the domestic and then the global economy. A sense of impending danger to that well-being set the contours of policy and relations with different actors in the oil-rich Persian Gulf. American leaders saw a world in potential disarray and their concern over supply and price stability led the nation to greatly expand its military power in that region.

  • Strategies of Decolonization: Economic Sovereignty and National Security in Libyan–US Relations, 1949–1971

  • Christopher R. W. Dietrich
  • Journal:
    Journal of Global History / Volume 17 / Issue 1 / March 2022
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    09 June 2021, pp. 69-88

  • This article examines Libyan–US relations through the historical lenses of decolonization, international law, the Cold War, and the international political economy. The Libyan government exercised its newfound sovereignty in the postwar era through the negotiation of ‘base rights’ for the US government and ‘oil rights’ for corporations owned by US nationals. They did so in conjunction with other petrostates and through international organizations such as the United Nations, the Arab League, and the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. Libyan leaders’ strategy of using sovereignty to promote corporate competition relied on connections with similarly situated nations, and it was through global circuits of knowledge that they pressed the outer limits of economic sovereignty. At the same time, the US government consistently accommodated Libyan policies through Cold War arguments that linked the alliance with Libya to US national security. Those deep foundations of sovereignty and security created the conditions for the transformation of the global oil industry after Libya’s 1969 revolution.

Oil Revolution
  • Anticolonial Elites, Sovereign Rights, and the Economic Culture of Decolonization
  • Christopher R. W. Dietrich
  • Published online:
    04 July 2017
    Print publication:
    16 June 2017
  • Through innovative and expansive research, Oil Revolution analyzes the tensions faced and networks created by anti-colonial oil elites during the age of decolonization following World War II. This new community of elites stretched across Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela, Algeria, and Libya. First through their western educations and then in the United Nations, the Arab League, and the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, these elites transformed the global oil industry. Their transnational work began in the early 1950s and culminated in the 1973–4 energy crisis and in the 1974 declaration of a New International Economic Order in the United Nations. Christopher R. W. Dietrich examines how these elites brokered and balanced their ambitions via access to oil, the most important natural resource of the modern era.

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