First aid is multifaceted, with one scenario involving mass casualty incidents where multiple patients are injured simultaneously. In such situations, triage must first be conducted, followed by the allocation of appropriate medical resources according to the severity of injuries and the available resources. However, emergency care education in Taiwan rarely addresses this topic, often focusing solely on one-on-one scenarios, leading to a disconnect between education and real-world practice. This study surveys perceptions of mass casualty incidents to explore the importance of community people learning to triage, and then provides scientific suggestions on the design of resilience education for Taiwanese people to jointly build a resilient urban and rural area.

According to the medical treatment process of injured and injured patients, it can be divided into three stages: first aid/first response, ambulance transfer, and medical treatment in the hospital. Therefore, this study focuses on “Community people”, “Civilian rescuer”, “Emergency medical practitioners (including fire department)”, and “Hospital medical staff” are the research objects for which questionnaires are distributed. Then use Standard deviation, One-way ANOVA, Scheffe’s method/Tukey’s range test to analyze and obtain key information.

The study found that all four groups agreed that courses on “first aid education under 39 hours” and “disaster preparedness education” should include triage training. Additionally, the study found that hospital-based medical personnel and emergency medical practitioners believe that community members with basic first aid training, volunteers of disaster response teams, and community leaders should learn triage, rather than requiring everyone to learn it.

This study suggests that triage training should be included as an extension/supplementary course in disaster resilience education or as part of continuing/in-service education. Give priority to those who already have first aid knowledge and disaster prevention teaming skills to improve their survival rate and resilience in emergencies.

Although guidelines recommend targeted vitamin D testing for high-risk populations, testing has increased globally. Limited studies have examined real-world testing patterns and their relationship with deficiency outcomes. This study investigates trends, demographic determinants and deficiency outcomes associated with voluntary vitamin D testing among Taiwanese adults.

A retrospective cohort study analysing electronic medical records to assess vitamin D testing trends, demographic predictors of deficiency and status changes following consecutive tests within 2 years. Vitamin D status was classified based on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels as deficient (< 20 ng/ml), insufficient (20–29·9 ng/ml) or sufficient (≥ 30 ng/ml).

A tertiary medical centre in Taiwan.

Between 2013 and 2022, 13 381 outpatients underwent voluntary vitamin D testing. After excluding those aged < 18 years, with advanced renal disease, osteomalacia, rickets or hyperparathyroidism, 8383 were included in the final analysis.

Testing increased sharply after 2019. Although women underwent twice as many tests, men had a higher deficiency prevalence (56·94 % v. 53·01 %). Adults aged 18–34 years had the highest prevalence (67·81 %). Obstetrics and Gynecology specialists ordered the most tests, particularly for female infertility, with 65·73 % of patients deficient. Among those with repeat tests, deficiency prevalence decreased from 59.32 % to 43·25 %.

The increase in voluntary vitamin D testing with demographic disparities highlights the importance of understanding testing behaviours and public health implications. Improved vitamin D status at follow-up suggests potential benefits in identifying high-risk individuals and emphasises the need for further research to evaluate outcomes and guide prevention strategies.

Various studies have highlighted the increased incidence and symptoms of depression and anxiety in paediatric cancer survivors (PCS). Yet no meta-analysis has focused on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) in PCS and their family nucleus.

To evaluate the overall risk of PTSD and severity of PTSS in PCS and their family nucleus. Secondary objectives include identifying potential risk factors of PTSD and high PTSS.

We systematically searched PubMed, Embase and PsycINFO for studies comparing the risk of PTSD and PTSS severity among PCS, their family nucleus and non-cancer controls. PRISMA reporting guidelines were followed. Random effects meta-analyses and meta-regressions were conducted.

From 1089 records, we included 21 studies. PCS have an increased risk of PTSD (risk ratio 2.36, 95% CI 1.37–4.06) and decreased PTSS severity (standardised mean difference −0.29, 95% CI −0.50 to −0.08). Subgroup analyses of other categorical study-level characteristics revealed that female PCS who were older at diagnosis and data collection had a significantly higher risk of PTSD. Meta-regression were insignificant. Family nucleus did not show a significantly increased risk of PTSD (risk ratio 1.13, 95% CI 0.59–5.00) and PTSS severity (standardised mean difference 0.53, 95% CI −0.00 to 1.06). Systematically reviewing studies on the family nucleus found that the majority reported a significantly increased risk of psychological trauma compared with the comparator. Lower education, income and social status were also risk factors.

Timely identification and interventions are imperative for policy makers and healthcare providers to prevent trauma from worsening in this population group.

Individuals with schizophrenia face high mortality risks. The effects of lipid-modifying agents on this risk remain understudied.

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of lipid-modifying agents on mortality risk in people with schizophrenia.

This nationwide cohort study collected the data of people with schizophrenia from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database for the period between 1 January 2001 and 31 December 2019. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression with a time-dependent model was used to estimate the hazard ratio for mortality associated with each lipid-modifying agent.

This study included 110 300 people with schizophrenia. Of them, 22 528 died (19 754 from natural causes and 1606 from suicide) during the study period, as confirmed using data from Taiwan's national mortality database. The use of lipid-modifying agents was associated with reduced risks of all-cause (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]:0.37; P < 0.001) and natural (aHR:0.37; P < 0.001) mortality during a 5-year period. Among the lipid-modifying agents, statins and fibrates were associated with reduced risks of all-cause mortality (aHRs:0.37 and 0.39, respectively; P < 0.001 for both) and natural mortality (aHRs: 0.37 and 0.42, respectively; P < 0.001 for both). Notably, although our univariate analysis indicated an association between the use of lipid-modifying agents and a reduced risk of suicide mortality, the multivariate analysis revealed no significant association.

Lipid-modifying agents, particularly statins and fibrates, reduce the risk of mortality in people with schizophrenia. Appropriate use of lipid-modifying agents may bridge the mortality gap between these individuals and the general population.

Few previous studies have established Snaith–Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS) cut-off values using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and applied these values to compare predictors of anhedonia between clinical and nonclinical groups.

To determine the optimal cut-off values for the SHAPS and use them to identify predictors of anhedonia in clinical and nonclinical groups in Taiwan.

This cross-sectional and correlational study used convenience sampling to recruit 160 patients from three hospitals and 412 students from two universities in northern Taiwan. Data analysis included receiver operating characteristic curve, univariate and multivariate analyses.

The optimal SHAPS cut-off values were 29.5 and 23.5 for the clinical and nonclinical groups, respectively. Moreover, two-stage analysis revealed that participants in the clinical group who perceived themselves as nondepressed, and participants in the nonclinical group who did not skip classes and whose fathers exhibited higher levels of care and protection were less likely to attain the cut-off values. Conversely, participants in the nonclinical group who reported lower academic satisfaction and were unwilling to seek help from family or friends were more likely to attain the cut-off values.

Our findings highlight the importance of optimal cut-off values in screening for depression risk within clinical and nonclinical groups. Accordingly, the development of comprehensive, individualised programmes to monitor variation trends in SHAPS scores and relevant predictors of anhedonia across different target populations is crucial.

Large-scale mass-sporting events pose unique challenges for emergency health teams. Data is limited in athletes with sudden cardiac arrests (SCAs) and the emergency medical services (EMS) in major sporting events that took place after the coronavirus pandemic.

This retrospective observational study describes data from the Taipei Marathon event that took place on December 19, 2021, in Taiwan. The temperature was about 15.2–19.3°C. Four SCAs among 18,144 half-marathoners and the EMS were enrolled.

A medical command center was set up 100 meters from the finish line. Ten medical tents, one first-aid station, and nine event ambulances were distributed along the course, and one medical tent was placed near the baggage storage area. Each medical tent comprised: 1 doctor, 1–3 nurses, and 1–3 paramedics. The in-event EMS also comprised a mobile first-aid team. Thirty paramedics rode motorcycles and carried automated external defibrillators and emergency medical kits throughout the racecourse.

Among the 7,811 full- and 18,144 half-marathoners, the total number of SCAs was four male half-marathoners. Three runners (75%) stated that they decreased their weekly running volume during the pandemic restrictions’ period. Two runners (50%) experienced cardiac arrest in the final quarter of the race. The median interval of time between SCA occurrence and EMS arrival was 2.5 minutes (interquartile range, 0.5–4 minutes). Electric shocks were delivered to all the four runners (100%) experiencing ventricular fibrillation, and all of them were successfully resuscitated in the field. The median interval of cardiopulmonary resuscitation duration before return of spontaneous circulation was 8.5 minutes (interquartile range, 6–9.5 minutes).

4/18144 is a significantly high number of SCA compared to data from the annual Taipei Half-Marathon between 2016 and 2020 and past half-marathons worldwide. The high prevalence rate of SCA (22 per 100,000) may be due to inadequate acclimation and training volumes.

Social functioning is crucial for daily living and is an essential indicator of dementia in patients with Parkinson's disease. The pattern of social functioning in patients with Parkinson's disease without dementia (i.e. those who are cognitively intact or have mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI)) and its determinants are unclear.

In exploring the heterogeneity of social functioning among patients with Parkinson's disease-associated dementia, we determined the optimal cut-off score of the Parkinson's Disease Social Functioning Scale (PDSFS) for patients with PD-MCI, and the variables influencing patients’ social functioning.

A total of 302 participants underwent the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and PDSFS; 120 patients with Parkinson's disease completed the measurements (MMSE, Activities of Daily Living Scale and Neuropsychiatric Inventory). Group comparisons, receiver operating characteristic curves, Spearman correlation and multiple and hierarchical regression analyses were conducted.

The PD-MCI group scored the lowest on the PDSFS (F = 10.10, P < 0.001). The PDSFS cut-off score was 53 (area under the curve 0.700, sensitivity 0.800, specificity 0.534). The MMSE (β = 0.293, P = 0.002), Activities of Daily Living Scale (β = 0.189, P = 0.028) and Neuropsychiatric Inventory (β = −0.216, P = 0.005) scores predicted the PDSFS score. Further, there was an interaction effect between the Activities of Daily Living Scale and Neuropsychiatric Inventory scores on the PDSFS score (β = 0.305, P < 0.001).

We determined a PDSFS cut-off score for detecting PD-MCI and found that patients with PD-MCI have social dysfunction. Future research should focus on the effects of neuropsychiatry symptoms and activities of daily living on social functioning, and tailor the intervention programme for patients with Parkinson's disease.

Although maternal mental illnesses have been found to influence child health and development, little is known about the impact of maternal positive well-being on child health and development. Therefore, this longitudinal study investigated the effects of prenatal subjective well-being on birth outcomes and child development by considering the potential modifier effect of parity.

Pregnant women in early stages of pregnancy were recruited at five selected hospitals in Taipei, Taiwan, during their prenatal appointments since 2011. Self-reported evaluations were conducted at seven time points up to 2 years postpartum. Linear regression and generalized estimating equation models were used for examination.

Higher prenatal eudaimonic well-being was associated with longer gestational length (adjusted beta [aβ] = 0.36, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.03, 0.68) and higher birth weight (aβ = 124.71, 95% CI = 35.75, 213.66). Higher positive and negative affect were associated with longer gestational length (aβ = 0.38, 95% CI = 0.06, 0.70) and smaller birth weight (aβ = −93.51, 95% CI = −178.35, −8.67), respectively. For child’s outcomes, we found an association between higher prenatal eudaimonic well-being and decreased risks of suspected developmental delay, particularly for children of multiparous mothers (adjusted odds ratio = 0.18, 95% CI = 0.05, 0.70). Higher levels of prenatal depression and anxiety were significantly associated with increased risks of suspected developmental delay for children of primiparous mothers.

Positive prenatal maternal mental health may benefit birth outcomes and child development, particularly for children of multiparous mothers. Interventions for improving prenatal mental health may be beneficial for child development.