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2 results

  • Association between fish consumption and risk of dementia: a new study from China and a systematic literature review and meta-analysis

  • Aishat T Bakre, Ruoling Chen, Ranjit Khutan, Li Wei, Tina Smith, Gordon Qin, Isaac M Danat, Weiju Zhou, Peter Schofield, Angela Clifford, Jiaji Wang, Arpana Verma, Cuilin Zhang, Jindong Ni
  • Journal:
    Public Health Nutrition / Volume 21 / Issue 10 / July 2018
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    19 March 2018, pp. 1921-1932
    • Article
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  • Objective

    To assess the association of fish consumption with risk of dementia and its dose–response relationship, and investigate variations in the association among low-, middle- and high-income countries.

    Design

    A new community-based cross-sectional study and a systematic literature review.

    Settings

    Urban and rural communities in China; population-based studies systematically searched from worldwide literature.

    Subjects

    Chinese adults aged ≥60 years in six provinces (n 6981) took part in a household health survey of dementia prevalence and risk factors. In addition, 33 964 participants from eleven published and eligible studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis.

    Results

    In the new study in China, 326 participants were diagnosed with dementia (4·7 %); those who consumed any amount of fish in the past two years v. those who consumed no fish had reduced risk of dementia (adjusted OR=0·73, 95 % CI 0·64, 0·99), but the dose–response relationship was not statistically significant. The meta-analysis of available data from the literature and the new study showed relative risk (RR) of dementia of 0·80 (95 % CI 0·74, 0·87) for people with fish consumption; the impact was similar among countries with different levels of income. Pooled dose–response data revealed RR (95 % CI) of 0·84 (0·72, 0·98), 0·78 (0·68, 0·90) and 0·77 (0·61, 0·98) in people with low, middle and high consumption of fish, respectively. Corresponding figures for Alzheimer’s disease were 0·88 (0·74, 1·04), 0·79 (0·65, 0·96) and 0·67 (0·58, 0·78), respectively.

    Conclusions

    Greater consumption of fish is associated with a lower risk of dementia. Increasing fish consumption may help prevent dementia worldwide regardless of income level.

  • 2 - Determinants of obesity

  • from Section 1 - Trends and determinants of obesity in women of reproductive age
  • Edited by Matthew W. Gillman, Lucilla Poston, King's College London
  • Book:
    Maternal Obesity
    Published online:
    05 August 2012
    Print publication:
    19 July 2012, pp 8-19

  • Summary

    Obesity has become a global epidemic. This chapter provides an overview of major risk factors of obesity, including those that are specifically relevant to women of reproductive age. Available data support the roles of unhealthful food choices, a sedentary lifestyle, and inadequate sleep duration in the occurrence of weight gain and obesity. Child bearing related factors such as parity, lactation, breastfeeding, gestational weight gain, and postpartum weight retention also play an important role in long-term weight gain among women. The etiology of obesity also has a genetic component. Research is needed in the most effective ways to prevent weight gain through improving diet and lifestyle, and promoting breastfeeding among women of reproductive age, including individual behavioral changes and creation of a supportive social environment. Minimizing gestational weight gain and reducing weight retention after pregnancy appear to be attractive public health interventions to reduce weight gain or obesity for women.