Experiments were conducted to compare barnyardgrass control and rice injury and yield with emulsifiable concentrate and dry flowable formulations of propanil as single or repeat applications with crop oil concentrate, methylated seed oil, a blend of organosilicone surfactant and methylated seed oil or conventional nonionic surfactant, and organosilicone surfactant. Two applications of propanil were more effective in controlling barnyardgrass than a single application. The emulsifiable concentrate formulation of propanil controlled barnyardgrass more effectively than the dry flowable formulation in some but not all experiments. Differences in barnyardgrass control with propanil as influenced by adjuvants were minor and inconsistent. The most consistent barnyardgrass control and the highest rice yields were obtained with repeat applications of the emulsifiable concentrate formulation of propanil.

Using Burgers’ equation with mixed Neumann–Dirichlet boundary conditions, we highlight aproblem that can arise in the numerical approximation of nonlinear dynamical systems oncomputers with a finite precision floating point number system. We describe the dynamicalsystem generated by Burgers’ equation with mixed boundary conditions, summarize some ofits properties and analyze the equilibrium states for finite dimensional dynamical systemsthat are generated by numerical approximations of this system. It is important to notethat there are two fundamental differences between Burgers’ equation with mixedNeumann–Dirichlet boundary conditions and Burgers’ equation with both Dirichlet boundaryconditions. First, Burgers’ equation with homogenous mixed boundary conditions on a finiteinterval cannot be linearized by the Cole–Hopf transformation. Thus, on finite intervalsBurgers’ equation with a homogenous Neumann boundary condition is truly nonlinear. Second,the nonlinear term in Burgers’ equation with a homogenous Neumann boundary condition isnot conservative. This structure plays a key role in understanding the complex dynamicsgenerated by Burgers’ equation with a Neumann boundary condition and how this structureimpacts numerical approximations. The key point is that, regardless of the particularnumerical scheme, finite precision arithmetic will always lead to numerically generatedequilibrium states that do not correspond to equilibrium states of the Burgers’ equation.In this paper we establish the existence and stability properties of these numericalstationary solutions and employ a bifurcation analysis to provide a detailed mathematicalexplanation of why numerical schemes fail to capture the correct asymptotic dynamics. Weextend the results in [E. Allen, J.A. Burns, D.S. Gilliam, J. Hill and V.I. Shubov,Math. Comput. Modelling 35 (2002) 1165–1195] and provethat the effect of finite precision arithmetic persists in generating a nonzero numericalfalse solution to the stationary Burgers’ problem. Thus, we show that the results obtainedin [E. Allen, J.A. Burns, D.S. Gilliam, J. Hill and V.I. Shubov, Math. Comput.Modelling 35 (2002) 1165–1195] are not dependent on a specifictime marching scheme, but are generic to all convergent numerical approximations ofBurgers’ equation.

Background: Cognitive impairment and depression are common and disabling non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). Previous studies have shown associations between them but the nature of the relationship remains unclear. In chronic illness, problem- or task-oriented coping strategies are associated with better outcome but often require higher level cognitive functioning. The present study investigated, in a sample of patients with PD, the relationships between cognitive function, choice of coping strategies, and a broad index of outcome including depression, anxiety, and health-related quality of life (QoL). It was hypothesized that the coping strategy used could mediate the association between cognition and outcome.

Methods: 347 participants completed the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire-8, the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, and the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination–Revised. Structural Equation Modeling was used to test the hypothesized model of cognition, coping, and outcome based on a direct association between cognition and outcome and an indirect association mediated by coping.

Results: Overall, poorer cognition predicted less use of task-oriented coping, which predicted worse outcome (a latent variable comprised of higher depression and anxiety and lower QoL). The analyses suggested a small indirect effect of cognition on outcome mediated by coping.

Conclusions: The findings suggest that patients who fail to employ task-oriented coping strategies may be at greater risk of depression, anxiety, and poor health-related QoL. Even mild to moderate cognitive impairment may contribute to reduced use of task-oriented coping. Suitably adapted cognitive–behavioral approaches may be useful to enable the use of adaptive coping strategies in such patients.

Foods high in monounsaturated fat, such as olive oil, and endurance exercise are both known to independently reduce postprandial TAG concentrations. We examined the combined effects of exercise and dietary fat composition on postprandial TAG concentrations in nine healthy pre-menopausal females (age 26·8 (sd 3·3) years, BMI 22·3 (sd 2·0) kg/m2). Each participant completed four, 2 d trials in a randomised order: (1) butter–no exercise, (2) olive oil–no exercise, (3) butter–exercise, (4) olive oil–exercise. On day 1 of the exercise trials, participants walked or ran on a treadmill for 60 min. On the no-exercise trials, participants rested on day 1. On day 2 of each trial, participants rested and consumed an olive oil meal (saturated fat 15 % and unsaturated fat 85 %) or a butter meal (saturated fat 71 % and unsaturated fat 29 %) for breakfast. Venous blood samples were obtained in the fasted state and for 6 h postprandially on day 2. A significant main effect on physical activity (exercise or control) was obtained for plasma TAG concentration (three-way ANOVA, P = 0·043), and the total area under the concentration v. time curve for TAG was 26 % lower on the olive oil–exercise trial (4·40 (sd 0·40) mmol × 6 h/l) than the butter–no exercise trial (5·91 (sd 1·01) mmol × 6 h/l) (one-way ANOVA, P = 0·029). These findings suggest that the combination of exercise and a preference for monounsaturated dietary fat intake in the form of olive oil may be most beneficial for reducing postprandial TAG concentrations.

The use of psychotropic medication is an important part of most psychiatrists' clinical practice. We propose here that psychiatry needs to give more prominence to psychopharmacology in order to ensure that psychiatric drugs are used effectively and safely. The issue has several ramifications, including the future of psychiatry as a medical discipline.

The meeting began at 11:00 am with a brief address by outgoing president Burns highlighting the most relevant advances in Celestial Mechanics that occurred in the last 3 years.