In the course of researching the attitudes of nineteenth-century rabbis about American slavery, David Cobin found that the name Sabato Morais featured prominently among rabbis who had publicly expressed strong anti-slavery sentiments. This information sent Cobin to the American Jewish History Library where some of Morais's papers are archived to find original documents on the matter. There he found sermons from 1861 to 1862 with English script title pages and text all written in Pitman Shorthand, presumably by Morais himself. One of these, an undated document entitled The Slavery of the Bible, described as a lecture, seemed to be exactly on point. Cobin's first hurdle, however, was transcribing Morais's lecture. After a significant search he found Dorothy Roberts, who had become an expert on Civil War Pitman Shorthand specifically in order to engage in this kind of scholarly transcription. It was soon clear, however, that transcribing a more than one hundred and forty year-old shorthand written for oneself was not a simple matter. There were obsolete words, partial words, undecipherable words, words left out, references to obscure incidents, incomplete quotations, and words in multiple languages. Cobin enlisted the collaboration of his colleague Earl Schwartz as co-editor, and together they partnered in the transcription process with Dorothy Roberts. Roberts transcribed the shorthand as best she could. Cobin and Schwartz then researched the history, filled in the Judaic references and mined old dictionaries and their own imaginations for language of the times to fit the words Roberts could not fully transcribe. Roberts always made the final decision on the appropriateness of the editors' suggestions in light of the shorthand. This work yielded the transcribed lecture, The Slavery in the Bible that indeed spoke about slavery in the time of the Bible, but not about American slavery. Morais's focus was on a humane form of slavery in contrast to slavery in Sparta and Rome. Unlike Rabbi Morris Raphall's discourse on The Bible View of Slavery January 15, 1861 that was used by Southerners as a defense of slavery, Morais's lecture provided little material to fuel the conflagration then raging. The editors have concluded that Morais's lecture was likely delivered as a response to Raphall's widely publicized discourse. The Slavery of the Bible is included with the four transcribed Sabbath sermons published here.

Parkinson's disease (PD) patient and caregiver reports of patient functioning are often used interchangeably in clinical and research settings; however, the consistency of these reports is largely unknown. This study aimed to investigate the consistency and predictors of discrepancy between self- and caregiver reports of patient apathy, disinhibition, and executive dysfunction. Fifty-one pairs of nondemented PD patients and their caregivers completed the Frontal Systems Behavior Scale (FrSBe). Patients were administered a neuropsychological battery, and mood and burden were assessed in a subset of caregivers. Patients and caregivers significantly differed in their ratings of all retrospective prediagnosis behaviors and current levels of disinhibition. Current levodopa equivalent dosages predicted patient-caregiver rating differences in prediagnosis and current apathy and current executive dysfunction, while patient motor function, cognition, and mood failed to predict any disparities in ratings. Caregiver burden and depression were associated with apathy rating discrepancies, while burden was associated with discrepancies in ratings of disinhibition. These results suggest that consistency of patient and caregiver behavioral ratings may vary depending on the behavior assessed; and underscore the importance of considering the reporter when using subjective measures, as discrepancies in behavioral reports may be influenced by specific patient and/or caregiver symptoms or factors. (JINS, 2013, 19, 1–10)

We hypothesised that the observed acceleration in the kinetics of exercise on-transient oxygen uptake (V˙O2) of five older humans (77 ± 7 years (mean ± S.D.) following 9 weeks of single-leg endurance exercise training was due to adaptations at the level of the muscle cell. Prior to, and following training, subjects performed constant-load single-limb knee extension exercise. Following training V˙O2 kinetics (phase 2, τ) were accelerated in the trained leg (week 0, 92 ± 44 s; week 9, 48 ± 22 s) and unchanged in the untrained leg (week 0, 104 ± 43 s; week 9, 126 ± 35 s). The kinetics of mean blood velocity in the femoral artery were faster than the kinetics of V˙O2, but were unchanged in both the trained (week 0, 19 ± 10 s; week 9, 26 ± 11 s) and untrained leg (week 0, 20 ± 18 s; week 9, 18 ± 10 s). Maximal citrate synthase activity, measured from biopsies of the vastus lateralis muscle, increased (P < 0.05) in the trained leg (week 0, 6.7 ± 2.0 µmol (g wet wt)-1 min-1; week 9, 11.4 ± 3.6 µmol (g wet wt)-1 min-1) but was unchanged in the untrained leg (week 0, 5.9 ± 0.5 µmol (g wet wt)-1 min-1; week 9, 7.9 ± 1.9 µmol (g wet wt)-1 min-1). These data suggest that the acceleration of V˙O2 kinetics was due to an improved rate of O2 utilisation by the muscle, but was not a result of increased O2 delivery. Experimental Physiology (2001) 86.5, 659-665.

One of the major problems with 3D spectroscopy is the adequate and meaningful display and analysis of large image cubes. We use linear mixture modeling to analyze multispectral CCD images of M51 in the visible and near-IR. We find that M51 can be modeled within the noise limits of the data as a linear combination of six components taken three at a time.