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Governments spend billions on our behalf. But how should this money be spent? The purpose should be to increase the wellbeing of the people. So the best policies are those which produce the most wellbeing per pound spent. The new science of wellbeing now enables us to make these calculations. The authors of this book, led by Richard Layard, do just that across a whole range of government policies. And the results call for radical changes in priorities. This path-breaking book opens up a new approach to policy-making. It combines traditional economics with the new psychology of happiness. By valuing non-monetary outcomes it does what politicians have always wanted. Its methods have already been adopted by the UK Treasury and are relevant worldwide. If followed, they would produce a happier world. When people ask where do we go 'beyond GDP', this is the answer.
This book offers a broad-ranging study of the Athenian stratēgoi in the fifth and fourth centuries BCE, combining an institutional approach with close analysis of command in practice. The commanders' numerous responsibilities at every stage of a campaign, from mustering troops to managing finances, point to considerable autonomy and authority exercised within the often loose boundaries of mandates issued by the Assembly. The analysis of extra-legal authority is shown to be consistent with this interpretation: personal authority shaped how individual stratēgoi exercised power and helps explain discrepancies in independence, attitude, and performance. The result is a fresh perspective on the stratēgoi that rethinks established scholarly interpretations, including their progressive professionalisation, the significance of individual agency, and the role of unmet expectations in their accountability. The volume situates Athenian commanders within broader contemporary debates on military leadership and the widely recognised non-institutional dynamics that regulated public life in Athens.
The Hellenistic kings following Alexander the Great harboured imperial ambitions to rule the entire known world. While such pretensions were unrealised on the ground, the distortions of court geographers could depict these hyperbolic claims to universal empire. However, not all geographers were uncritical ciphers. Leveraging their status as royal philoi (friends), certain scholars utilised scientific tools to speak truth to power (parrhesia), their maps placing sobering limits on the flattering propaganda of the court. By applying modern geographical tools to ancient texts, this book reveals how court geography functioned as an integral part of contested discourse. While some produced imperial propaganda, others under the Ptolemies and Seleukids used maps to place limits on their kings' reach. In a culture wary of sycophants' honeyed words, science provided an antidote to unrestrained propaganda. This study offers vital insights into how scholars can challenge the excesses of authoritarian regimes.
This book comprises a unique collection of insights into Nobel laureate Giorgio Parisi's groundbreaking work across physics, ranging from high-energy physics and spin glasses to turbulence and collective animal behaviour. Originating from a series of seminars at the Sapienza University of Rome, each chapter focuses on one of Parisi's seminal contributions, penned by leading experts who highlight the depth and interdisciplinary impact of his ideas. The volume revisits widely disseminated achievements like the Altarelli-Parisi equations and replica symmetry breaking, and presents lesser-known work, revealing hidden connections between seemingly distant domains. Enhanced by lively discussions and a personal retrospective from Parisi himself, this book is both a tribute to a visionary scientist and an invitation to discover the unifying threads woven throughout modern physics. Showcasing how one thinker's creativity can reshape entire landscapes of knowledge, it is invaluable for experienced researchers and motivated graduate students in the field of theoretical physics.
Most philosophical work on causation is divorced from scientific practice, but in this book David Papineau develops a metaphysical theory designed to provide a principled grounding for the science of causal inference. The book first introduces non-specialists to the techniques of causal inference, and then shows how the resulting theory can account for all aspects of causation. While Papineau draws on a wide range of scientific and philosophical sources, everything is explained from first principles and will be accessible to readers from all backgrounds. The resulting theory marks a new departure in the philosophy of causation, and will be of interest not only to philosophers but also to anybody interested in the statistical techniques that are widely used throughout science to analyse causal structures.
As a psychiatrist, you may be the only medically qualified person available to manage the physical healthcare of a patient in a mental health setting. Do you know how to: Recognise sepsis? Diagnose headache disorders? Manage Type 1 Diabetes? Written by leading experts in medicine, surgery, pharmacy, physiotherapy, primary care, disease prevention and the law, this book contains a wealth of information specifically for psychiatrists about physical healthcare. With full-colour illustrations, there is information about the management of acute illness, infectious diseases, cardiac, respiratory and neurological emergencies, and long-term conditions e.g., endocrine, renal and gastrointestinal disorders. Whether you are an experienced psychiatrist or a trainee or GP, you will find practical guidance about making the 'first response', delivery of routine physical healthcare and referral to colleagues. This book is essential reading to help update your knowledge, help you to make the right decisions, and avoid traps for the unwary.
In today's interconnected world, international crimes and serious human rights violations are rarely committed without the crucial support of secondary actors – be they individuals, corporations, or States. This is the first book to analyze how these secondary actors may be held legally responsible for contributing to such crimes. Drawing on a six-year international research collaboration, it brings together the work of 44 legal scholars to examine and compare diverse approaches to secondary liability across criminal law, civil law, human rights law, and State responsibility. Real-world examples – such as arms trading and financial support – illuminate the complex realities of complicity. The book stands out for its clear identification of legal concepts, its rigorous evaluation and comparison of existing laws against human rights and theoretical underpinnings, and its recommendations to recalibrate the law of secondary liability to bolster legal certainty and for the protection of human rights. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
What sorts of beings have moral status, mattering morally for their own sake? Is tradition right to favor human beings or persons? Are progressive views right to include not only animals but insentient life? Might brain organoids or AI acquire moral status? In this book, David DeGrazia presents a thorough investigation of this topic. After introducing the concept of moral status and seven criteria for evaluating competing accounts, he examines humanism, personhood-based accounts, and progressive alternatives that focus on life, agency, and sentience. He contends that any viable account will have sentience at its core, and sketches three ethical theories that build from this core in distinct ways. He then explores implications for meat-eating, animal research, human-animal chimeras, brain organoids, and AI. His novel and philosophically penetrating exploration will be of strong interest to moral philosophers, scientists, and policymakers.
During the first four centuries of the common era, scholars and theologians laid the ground work for Christian doctrines that have shaped the faith and practice of believers for two millenia. This was the formative period of Christianity when the major theological tenets of the faith were articulated. The writings of the earliest Christians continue to serve as a vital source of inspiration and guidance for Christians around the world. This Companion offers an overview of Christianity's foundational beliefs and practices. Providing an historiographical overview of the topic, it includes essays on the key thinkers and texts, as well as doctrines and practices that emerged during early Christian era. The volume covers the range of texts produced over four centuries and written by theologians hailing from throughout the Mediterranean world, including the Latin West, North Africa, and the Greek east. Written by an international team of scholars, this Companion serves an accessible introduction to the topic for students and scholars alike.
'The traffic was a nightmare today'; 'you're a star'; 'he's an early bird'; 'we need to get our ducks in a row'. Metaphors like these are so enmeshed within our language that we barely realise we are using them. This book, written by world-renowned expert, provides a clear, comprehensive discussion of how we understand and use metaphor, with a focus on ordinary conversation. It begins by defining metaphors, moving on to explore their communicative role in a range of settings across regular and professional life, and finishing with an overview of the main theoretical approaches to metaphor. Drawing on current research findings, each chapter concludes with a brief discussion of how the topics covered are useful in everyday communication. Ideas are explained in non-technical language, using examples from real-life conversation - making it ideal for students of Communication, Linguistics and Psychology, or anyone interested in the fascinating world of metaphor.
Domestication is not just something that humans impose on animals, but an ancient structure binding both creatures within shared systems of subjugation. Advancing trenchant new ideas, David Carr unpacks Genesis 1–11 to reveal ways in which embedded human–animal, gender, and group hierarchies constitute our world. Drawing on animal studies and Indigenous perspectives alike, he treats the Bible's origin stories as an invitation to rethink inter-species flourishing and re-imagine community based on intrinsic worth rather than mere utility. Tracing human rule over creation in Eden to slavery and concentrated human power at Babel, the author exposes an escalating trajectory of domination. Yet these foundational stories also suggest that global subjugation is not inevitable, but instead the consequence of a fall from an earlier relational, reciprocal mode of living. Here is a hopeful framework that recognizes this crisis while offering alternatives rooted in respectful relations and multispecies kinship.
In the face of the everchanging and increasingly complex regulatory and socio-technical challenges posed by AI and the Internet of Things, there is an urgent need for closer collaboration between technology designers and lawyers. Accountable Design provides a timely framework for bridging disciplines to design legally accountable technologies. Proposing the new concept of Accountable Design, Lachlan David Urquhart explores how to incorporate legal values into human-centered design processes. Three novel case studies ground discussion by showcasing uses of new technologies in cities, homes, and biometric applications while exploring how to design for privacy, security, trust, and safety. The book synthesizes insights from across technology law, human-computer-interaction, design research, science and technology studies, and philosophy of technology to address the challenges of building better technological design futures for humans and society.
Revelation in Christianity means the divine disclosure of events that are otherwise inaccessible to human beings. But if no one was present to see them happen, how can the faithful know what they looked like? Since the late Middle Ages, images have worked in various ways with sacred texts, such as the Bible, the Lives of Saints, and devotional books, in bringing miracles and mythic events into visually accessible form. The works of artists have also aided the interpretation of difficult texts, such as prophetic and apocalyptic books of the Bible. In this study, David Morgan examines the art of seeing things and explores how art has played a key role in the creative production and interpretation of visions and apparitions. Traversing a long stretch of historical development, he offers new insights into a significant cultural history of European Christianity from the late Middle Ages to the twentieth century.
GIS and Predictive Modelling introduces the roles of GIS-based predictive modelling of archaeological landscapes. The Element outlines the conceptual frameworks that inform GIS and predictive modelling, and presents the organisational structures and types of information that are typically used to build GIS and predictive models. To illustrate the key issues, we integrate GIS layers of cultural and environmental information in a novel case study from a coastal landscape in Gunai/Kurnai Country, southeastern Australia. We then apply predictive modelling to the study region, to examine the likely effects of predicted sea level rise on archaeological sites and landscapes along the Bass Strait coast and the shores of the Gippsland Lakes.
This comprehensive guide presents a data science approach to healthcare quality measurement and provider profiling for policymakers, regulators, hospital quality leaders, clinicians, and researchers. Two volumes encompass basic and advanced statistical techniques and diverse practical applications. Volume 1 begins with a historical review followed by core concepts including measure types and attributes (bias, validity, reliability, power, sample size); data sources; target conditions and procedures; patient and provider observation periods; attribution level; risk modeling; social risk factors; outlier classification; data presentation; public reporting; and graphical approaches. Volume 2 introduces causal inference for provider profiling, focusing on hierarchical regression models. These models appropriately partition systematic and random variation in observations, accounting for within-provider clustering. Item Response Theory models are introduced for linking multiple categorical quality metrics to underlying quality constructs. Computational strategies are discussed, followed by various approaches to inference. Finally, methods to assess and compare model fit are presented.
This comprehensive guide presents a data science approach to healthcare quality measurement and provider profiling for policymakers, regulators, hospital quality leaders, clinicians, and researchers. Two volumes encompass basic and advanced statistical techniques and diverse practical applications. Volume 1 begins with a historical review followed by core concepts including measure types and attributes (bias, validity, reliability, power, sample size); data sources; target conditions and procedures; patient and provider observation periods; attribution level; risk modeling; social risk factors; outlier classification; data presentation; public reporting; and graphical approaches. Volume 2 introduces causal inference for provider profiling, focusing on hierarchical regression models. These models appropriately partition systematic and random variation in observations, accounting for within-provider clustering. Item Response Theory models are introduced for linking multiple categorical quality metrics to underlying quality constructs. Computational strategies are discussed, followed by various approaches to inference. Finally, methods to assess and compare model fit are presented.
The Generative AI revolution is driven by corporations demanding legal superpowers. If we allow it to continue unchecked, the implications will be profound. This urgent, critical book exposes the unprecedented push by trillion-dollar companies to build AI on billions of unauthorized human works and redefine fundamental areas of law, including copyright, contract, and free speech. Written by an industry insider who turned from AI champion to AI critic, this highly accessible work promotes AI literacy and provides essential tools to pierce the hype. Readers will learn how to assess AI's profound societal risks to democracy and autonomy and ensure that we are the architects of-and not bystanders in-our artificial future.
Students are challenged to stay ahead in today's ever-changing political environment. This third edition comprehensive and accessible casebook, designed specifically for undergraduates, integrates both the political science and legal perspectives of American constitutional law. Covering developments from the constitution's drafting through to the presidency of Donald Trump, the book balances doctrinal analysis with historical and political context. Key updates include expanded discussions of judicial review, judicial power, nationwide injunctions, and the elimination of Chevron deference in administrative law. New material addresses Native American sovereignty, congressional investigatory powers, presidential authority and criminal liability, and the evolving balance of power in foreign affairs and war powers. Additional coverage explores presidential and congressional budget authority, impeachment, and state power within the federal system. The text examines pressing contemporary issues such as public health, property rights, substantive due process, and eminent domain, providing students with the essential tools to critically analyze constitutional law.
Brain maldevelopment or injury in utero can cause life-long disability. Focussing on improvements in imaging methods, therapeutics, and perinatal care that can help to identify, prevent, or treat brain problems in the fetus and newborn, this new edition brings the reader fully up to date with recent advances in clinical management and outcome assessment. Updated material includes protective strategies for pre-term and term infants, ways of promoting of brain development in the neonatal intensive care unit, resuscitation, and immediate care after resuscitation (golden hour care), and parental perspectives, particularly strategies for communicating with families. An outstanding international team of highly experienced neonatologists and maternal-fetal medicine clinicians have produced a practical and authoritative clinical text offering clear management advice to all clinicians involved in the treatment of the fetus and newborn.