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208 results

Page 1 of 11

  • Medical Emergencies in a Mental-Health Setting (MEAMS)

  • Sam Fraser, Megan Barrett, Alex McLean, Yvonne Moulds, Brian Lennon, Derek Pettigrew, Ashley Ryan, Alison Toner, Linda Bell
  • Journal:
    BJPsych Open / Volume 9 / Issue S1 / July 2023
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    07 July 2023, pp. S22-S23
    • Article
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  • Aims

    Medical Emergencies in A Mental Health Setting (MEAMS) was a proposed high-fidelity simulation training course specifically designed for the mental health multidisciplinary team (MDT). A team of resus officers, mental health nurses and psychiatric doctors worked to create scenarios reflecting the emergencies encountered in mental health. It aimed to gives staff simulated experience in approaching and managing a verity of complex emergencies, including physical health, as well as communication scenarios. Specifically the aims were: (1) Determine if course was perceived to benefit staff, (2) Determine if course subjectively increased staff knowledge and confidence in mental health emergencies, (3) Review for continued areas of improvement

    Methods

    The full day sessions were carried out in the Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) suite, with it being modified into an immersive environment similar to wards or clinics. The faculty of medical resus officers, mental health nurses and psychiatric consultants ran the courses, with participants joining from across the MDT including nursing staff, junior doctors, consultants, students and nursing assistants.

    The morning program, run by resus officers, provided education in life support, initial assessment of the unwell patient and intraosseous access. The afternoon contained various scenarios, including for example managing neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Scenarios were observed via video link by faculty, with constructive feedback and debriefs provided.

    Quantitative data of knowledge and confidence was obtained pre and post sessions using Likert scales. Qualitative information regarding future proposed scenarios, areas of improvement and areas of notable value was gathered.

    Results

    36 staff attended the program, run over 4 days. Average knowledge and confidence (scored out of 10) improved from 4.9 pre-session to 8.1 post-session. All 36 staff felt the session was beneficial. Particular positive feedback on scenario realism, MDT working, safe/ supportive teaching and the resus faculty teaching was highlighted.

    Areas for improvement highlighted included running sessions more often, widening accessibility to more staff and teaching on resus medications and fluids. A variety of further scenarios were suggested, for example management of withdrawal seizure.

    Conclusion

    MEAMS was felt to achieve its aims, and demonstrated clear subjective increase in staff knowledge and confidence regarding common emergencies seen in mental health settings. Further sessions and wider accessibility to the mental health MDT is anticipated to continually benefit staff. Taking on qualitative feedback, the faculty aims to continually adapt the program to provide the best possible training and education, adapting and creating new relevant scenarios.

  • The discovery and structural requirements of inhibitors of p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase

  • David L. Lee, Michael P. Prisbylla, Thomas H. Cromartie, Derek P. Dagarin, Stott W. Howard, W. McLean Provan, Martin K. Ellis, Torquil Fraser, Linda C. Mutter
  • Journal:
    Weed Science / Volume 45 / Issue 5 / October 1997
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    12 June 2017, pp. 601-609

  • The benzoylcyclohexane-1,3-diones, the triketones, are potent bleaching herbicides whose structure-activity relationships and physical properties are substantially different from classical bleaching herbicides, which affect phytoene desaturase. The first clue to their unique mechanism of action was the discovery that rats treated with a triketone were found to be tyrosinemic. Additionally, examination of the rat urine revealed the accumulation of p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate (HPP) and p-hydroxyphenyllactate. These results suggested that this chemically induced tyrosinemia was the result of the inhibition of p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD, EC 1.13.11.27), and this suggestion was confirmed when a triketone was shown to be a potent inhibitor of rat liver HPPD. In plants, HPPD is a component of the biosynthetic pathway to plastoquinone (PQ), which in turn is a key cofactor of phytoene desaturase. The expectation that triketone-treated plants should accumulate tyrosine while having reduced PQ levels was dramatically demonstrated in the meristematic tissue of ivyleaf morningglory. Plant HPPD, like the mammalian enzyme, was inhibited in vitro by triketones. These biochemical effects provide evidence that the triketone herbicidal mechanism of action is HPPD inhibition leading to a deficiency of PQ, a key cofactor for carotenoid biosynthesis. Other chemical classes of bleaching herbicides were also examined for their ability to elevate tyrosine and deplete PQ as a definitive means of establishing their mode of action and for delineating the structural and physical chemical requirements for an HPPD herbicide. Evidence is provided to support the claim that a 2-benzoylethen-1-ol substructure is the minimum substructure required for a potent HPPD inhibitor.

Page 1 of 11