The adoption of genetically modified (GM) crops is currently limited to a few African countries such as South Africa, Sudan and Burkina Faso partly due to lack of functional biosafety systems and precautionary principles invoked by many Africa countries. Out of these three countries, Burkina Faso is the only West African country growing a GM crop on a commercial basis. This chapter discusses the achievement of Burkina Faso with Bt cotton; especially how it has benefitted small-scale farmers; how Burkina Faso became a showcase for GM technology in Africa; the current scenario of the technology in West Africa with focus on Burkina Faso's experience; and developments coming from other West African countries, specifically Ghana and Nigeria. The chapter describes the challenges of adoption of GM technology, citing the example of Bt cotton qualities, as recently revealed in Burkina Faso and how this may affect other countries' uptake of GM technology in the sub-region. Finally, the chapter emphasises the need to increase the level of expertise in biosafety areas and strengthen the scientific community by investing in modern biotechnology R&D programmes.