In this pilot study, we use data from the First Large Absorption Survey in HI (FLASH) to search for redshifted HI 21 cm absorption at 0.4 < z < 1 towards 157 bright radio sources with Interplanetary Scintillation (IPS) measurements at 820 MHz in a single field observed with the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP) radio telescope. The ASKAP IPS measurements, which use only 2.5 minutes of observing time in total, allow us to estimate the compactness of these radio sources on sub-arcsecond scales at a frequency within the 712–1000 MHz FLASH band. In particular, the Normalised Scintillation Index (NSI) for each source reflects the fraction of the flux density arising from compact components less than 0.1 arcsec in diameter. We find that 18 ± 5% of ASKAP sources with flux densities above 150 mJy are highly compact with NSI ≥ 0.8 – implying that at least 80% of their radio emission arises from a single region smaller than about 800 pc in size. The compactness of these sources makes them ideal probes for an HI absorption search, since the covering factor for any HI gas clouds along the line of sight is likely to be high. About half of the sources with NSI ≥ 0.8 also have peaked radio spectral energy distributions (SEDs), consistent with previous IPS studies at lower frequencies. These pilot results imply that IPS measurements with ASKAP can provide a simple and powerful tool for identifying uniform samples of compact radio sources at frequencies of a few hundred MHz across large areas of sky. With FLASH, we detect two new HI absorption lines against compact sources in the ∼ 30 deg2 region of sky covered by the IPS data; an associated HI line at redshift z = 0.9540 (with a matching optical redshift) in MRC 2125-237 (NSI = 0.98), and a likely intervening line at z = 0.4632 towards MRC 2131-241 (NSI = 0.84). The radio sources with these two detections are both bright and compact, with peaked radio SEDs.

We describe the latest iteration of upgrades (designated Phase III) to the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA), in the fourth paper in a series that covers the evolution of the telescope from design concept to initial operational facility, and through two major upgrades. As part of the Phase III upgrade of the MWA, we report the completion of work to design, build, and deploy a new fleet of digital receivers that further optimise the MWA for Epoch of Reionisation observations. These receivers complement existing receivers, such that the MWA now supports the full correlation of all 256 antenna tiles currently in the array. This step releases the MWA from the prior constraint of having to correlate only 128 of the 256 tiles at any given time, which means that the maximum instantaneous sensitivity of the MWA is doubled and the maximum number of interferometric baselines is approximately quadrupled. The upgrade is fundamentally enabled by the new MWAX correlator and various other improvements to the MWA sub-systems. In this paper we describe the new digital receivers and the other improvements that result in the Phase III system. A range of operational benefits arise from the upgrade and scientific flexibility is increased. We also comment on the transition from the MWA to the SKA-Low facility near the end of the decade, including a description of some unique science opportunities utilising joint MWA/SKA-Low data during the Science Verification phase of the SKA-Low Array Assembly 2 (AA2) period.

Our quasi-experimental study at four Veterans Affairs Medical Centers evaluates whether clinician-centered education, audit, and feedback could reduce unnecessary preoperative urine cultures in asymptomatic neurosurgical, orthopedic, and vascular surgery patients. Urine culture rates decreased from 20.7% to 12.9% (P < .01), with orthopedic surgery showing the largest improvements (18.7% to 7.4%; P < .01).

A subset of magnetic stars exhibits periodic radio pulses produced by the coherent electron cyclotron maser mechanism. These pulses are known to exhibit both temporal and spectral variations, which have been attributed to phenomena intrinsic to the stellar magnetosphere. However, in order to fully characterise the radio pulses and use them as magnetospheric probes (as suggested by past studies), it is also important to consider the effects of phenomena extrinsic to the magnetosphere. In this paper, we investigate whether interstellar scintillation could be a relevant mechanism for explaining spectral and temporal variations observed for coherent stellar radio emission. For that, we consider the case of the well-characterised magnetic hot star CU Vir. At 400 MHz, coherent radio emission from the star was reported to exhibit a peculiar spectral evolution that remains unexplained. We show that a plausible level of turbulence along the line of sight can produce the observed phenomenon of spectral features. Our analysis shows that diffractive interstellar scintillation can have a strong effect on the observed dynamic spectrum of radio emission from stars, for an assumed size of the emitting region of $0.01r_\odot$ and that caution should therefore be taken in separating intrinsic and extrinsic features, particularly at low frequencies. These results are preliminary and further work is required to fully model the scintillation of electron cyclotron maser emission from stars (in particular the change in source location with frequency) and to explore the full range of plausible scintillation parameters. We suggest how further observations may be used to test the interstellar scintillation hypothesis.

Contact precaution policies are used to prevent the spread of pathogenic organisms. We aimed to test whether AI-assisted cameras could monitor aspects of compliance with these policies. Testing in both simulated and real patient care settings yielded exceptional sensitivity and good specificity, indicating potential to monitor adherence to contact precautions.

Since 2014, transcatheter paravalvular leak closure with the Occlutech Paravalvular Leak Device has been successfully accomplished in adults with high technical success. We describe the first successful use of the Occlutech Paravalvular Leak Device in the left atrio-ventricular valve in the United States in a 5-year-old child with a history of previously repaired atrio-ventricular septal defect.

The Acholla Archaeological Project is an international collaboration at the site of Acholla (Tunisia) between the Institut National du Patrimoine (INP), Dickinson College and the University of Oklahoma, with additional support from the University of Leicester and the Endangered Archaeology in the Middle East and North Africa (EAMENA) project. The first season of the project took place in June 2025, focusing on three main tasks: fieldwalking, topographic survey and architectural documentation. Over a period of two and a half weeks, an area of over 25 ha was covered by a fieldwalking team and nearly 40,000 finds were collected for study and analysis. Topographic and architectural surveys were also undertaken to begin the process of creating an updated plan of the site. The work accomplished this season has already yielded new information about Acholla and has provided a strong foundation for future fieldwork campaigns and further research at this important coastal site.

Female genital schistosomiasis (FGS) is a chronically disabling gynaecological condition, impacting up to 56 million women and girls, mostly in sub-Saharan Africa. In lieu of a gold standard laboratory test, it is possible to diagnose FGS visually. Visual diagnosis is performed through inspection of the cervix and surrounding tissue to identify signs of Schistosoma egg deposition, associated inflammation and granuloma formation. The change related to egg deposition can be very subtle and heterogeneous and is often seen in the context of other altered cervical morphology. Visual diagnostics for FGS are therefore currently highly subjective and lack specificity, with low consistency of grading between trained expert reviewers. Computer vision, driven by artificial intelligence, is an enticing prospect to overcome these issues due to the potential to accurately detect and classify the subtle changes and patterns that are indiscernible to human graders. Computer vision also offers the opportunity to support resource-constrained regions with few staff trained on visual diagnostics. However, several challenges stand in the way of progressing and successfully implementing computer vision tools for FGS. These challenges are particularly related to the variation in the appearance of the cervix (with or without disease) and FGS lesions, as well as the difficulty with accurately labelling cervical images. Exploring alternative annotation methods and model architectures is likely to improve the performance of FGS computer vision tools. This paper will explore the challenges of FGS computer vision and provide suggestions on how to overcome these barriers to enhance visual diagnostics for FGS.